“ ' • • ■ ' Tj^pepppy, JYPOUP/IPJTY ( ^ OTPEWqKip, (#trt> * f0e * (ftu^ifiarg * Cmbee * VOLUME IX. OF THE NEW SERIES. INCLUDING S, BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PRINTING. Printed anti PubttSljetJ for tl)e proprietors by WYMAN & SONS, 74-76, GREAT OUEEN STREET, W.C. MDCCCLXXXIII . AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY TECHNICAL AND FINE-ART JOURNAL OF hy 'O', n \q (j n U\V\ INDEX TO ABERDEEN, proposed work on early printers of, 45, 226 Accidents : paper-mill, 126, 261 ; printing-office, 213, 224, 237 Actions, see “ Legal Jottings ” Advertisemet : curious, 308; fraud, 182, 264; infringement of design of, 128 ; order, counter¬ manding, 76 Advertisements: American, revenue from, 154; block, exclusion of, 6 ; withdrawing Govern¬ ment, 74 ; libellous, 224 ; poetical, 239 Advertising : house property enhanced by, 274 ; on telegraph forms, 162, 192 Agnew, T., print publisher, will of, 246 Agreement, breach of, 102 Alauzet, Pierre, medallion of, 13 ; presses, 135 Albany, Duke of, president of printers’ festival, 27, 17S Albums, Christmas card, 112 Alexander, A., presentation to, 310 Alexandra Palace, what to do with it, 74 Allen’s gumming machine, 30 Allman & .Son, on School Board supplies, 58 Almshouses, Printers’ : election of pensioners, 247; gifts to inmates, 3, 125, 238, 261 Amalgamated Pressmen’s Association, 238 America: congress library, 155 ; duty on books, 241; exports and imports of paper, 184; first Greek book printed in, 77; first newspaper in, 241; Government contracts, 184; Government printing, 184 ; Government printing-office, 241; newspapers in, 155; penny post in, 289; tariff as to paper and printing, 84, 136 Amsterdam Exhibition, prizes to French firms, 289 Anglo-Chinese newspaper, 103 Apprentice : absent from work, 182, 31 1 ; damage by, 264; loss of services, 215; not keeping time, 47 Apprentices, printers’ : handbook for, 266 ; tech¬ nical schools for, 1S5, 266; treatment of, 309; unruly, 102 Arabic numerals, origin of, 78 Arbitration, printers’ board of, Vienna, 103 Aris's Birmingham Gazette : facsimile of first number, 73; libel in, 101 Arnold, Matthew, pension to, 237 Art Age, New York, 289 Art-needlework cards, 30 Art, technical, South London school, 84 Artistic Stationery Co. : novelties by, 57, 164; menus, & c., by, 225 ; tinted photos by, 4 Art-Union of London : picture, 17 ; work of the, 1 12 Arts, graphic, international exhibition of, 86, 217, 266 Ashburnham collection : and the Government, 138; the Libri MSS., 104 ; sale of MSS., 56, 126, 180 Asbestos millboard, 74 Asser’s photo-litho transfer process, 304 Auction sales of printing materials, 237 Australia, printing trade in, 264, 288 Austria : newspaper press, 266 ; newspaper profits, 185 ; paper trade in, 185 ; stamp duty in, 266 Author suing his publisher for libel, 75 Authors’ proofs, value of, 99 Autograph albums, 190 Auxiliary, City, for the Printers’ Pension, 180 Avery, W. B. (Avery & Co.), Aberdeen, 16 BALLADS : and pamphlets, licensed hawkers of, 285 ; printers’, 304 ; Roxburglie, 304 Balloon, Pictorial World, 99 Bamboo for paper-making, 194 The Printing Times and Lithographer, December 15, 1883 VOLUME IX. NEW SERIES. | Bank-note: paper for America, 77 ; printing, 126 Bank-notes: forged, 44, 150, 264, 31 1; forged Scottish, 172; oldest, 1S1; report of commission on, 5 ; Swiss, by Messrs. Bradbury & Co., 4 Bank of England printing-office, 60 Bankruptcy Act, 227 Bartolozzi exhibition, the, 145 Beckford library, sale of the, 16, 161, 206, 284, 296 Bedford, the late Mr., sale of library of, 307 Belle Sauvage : athletic club, 262 ; glee union, 125, 308 Bemrose, W., silver wedding of, 214 Bergen & Wirth’s printing-inks, 49 Belt case, Lai o Journal on the, 6 Berlin, Government printing-office, 185 Bernhardt, Sarah, a compositor, 130 Bewick, Thomas : first efforts of, in art, 239 ; lecture on, 152 ; sale of wood-blocks, 180 Bewick, Miss I. : sale of prints, 284 ; will of, 245 Bible, issues of the, 113 Bibles : ancient, sale of, 284; “treacle,” 308 Bibliography of Printing, ii, 36, 62, 94, 120, 144, 173, 207, 231, 257, 279, 301 Bibliotheca curiosa, 180 Bi-centenary of a German printing-office, 49 Biggs’s charity, 15 ; pensioners elected, 180 Bills of sale, 1, 32, 60, 87, 113, 139, 159, 166, 196, 228, 252, 275, 299 ; see also “ Gazette ” Birmingham : Press Club, dinner, 181 ; Typo¬ graphical Society, 73 Bishop, a trade-union, 163 Black pigments, 228 Black and white, classes for, 213 Blades, W. : on the “ Boke of Saint Albans,” 236 ; on the invention of printing, 2 ; works of, 29, 162 Blades & East: excursion, 15 1 ; Miss Knight’s marriage programmes by, 261 Blanket, Spanish tax on printer’s, 1 1 2 Block advertisements, exclusion of, 6 Blotting-pads, &c., presented to princes, 46 Blue pigments, 90, 278 Boat-race and evening papers, 100 Bodleian Library, facility of using, 151 Boiler explosions, 150, 238 Bonfantini, G. A., printer, Basle, 21, 156 j Bonnewell, Mr., presentation declined, 262 Book, a still-born, 46 Bookbinders’ Pension Society, 127 Bookbinding: exhibition of, 57; facsimiles of old, 213; Government contracts, 296; illustra¬ tion of, by Mr. Quaritch, 135; machinery and material, Ullmer’s Price-list, 284 ; fortheQueen, by Mr. Morley, 286 ; specimens at South Kensington, 227 Bookbindings : choice, 213; French, 185 Book colportage in Germany, 78 Book-covers, wooden, 4 Book-edges, cut or uncut, 155 Book-fair, Leipsic, 86 . “ Book-keepers,” hints to, 195 Book-production, American, 77 Book-publication in America, 155 Book-publishing, present modes of, 240 Book trade, 7, 31, 60, 87, 113, 139, 165, 195, 228, 252, 275, 298 ; proposed association, 5 Books : American duty on, 20 ; antedating, 77 ; chained to shelves, 285 ; Chinese 13th century, 125 ; deposit of copies in the French national libraries, 242 ; on engraving, 177 ; new, regis¬ tration of, 272 ; ornamenting the backs, 49 ; published in 1882, 16 ; school, supplied by Edinburgh School Board, 45 ; sheet-iron, 125 ; a source of infection, 126, 163 Books, &c., Notices of: — “Album Litho- graphique,” 112 ; Almanacks, 74, 76, 307; Books, &c. ( continued ): — Antiquarian Magazine, 29, 251 ; Antiquary, the, 15, 212; Art (L’) de former une Biblio- theque, 50; “Arrowsmith’s Christmas Annual,” 307; Art Journal, 30; “Artists’ Table of Pigments,” by H. C. Standage, 193; Auto¬ biography of Thurlow Weed, 265 ; “ Bartolozzi and his Works,” Tuer’s, 114; “Benvenuto Cellini,” by Eugene Plon, 5 ; Bibliographer, 15, 29, 99, 126, 162, 251, 308; “ Bibliographic des Ana,” Mohr’s, 49; Big Ben, 267; Birthday cards, valentines, &c., Plildesheimer’s cata¬ logue, 3 ; “ Boiler-maker, Iron Ship-builder, and Mast-maker,” practical, 250; “Book Ornamentation of High and Late Renaissance,” by Herr Butsch, 122; “Booke of ye Fayre,” Avery & Co.’s, 16; Bookseller, the, 307, 308 ; Bryce’s Pearl English Dictionary, 308 ; “ Bulletin de la Librarie Morgand et Fatout,” 88; calendars, &c., 17, 139; Catalogue of Stationers’ Sundries, 139; “ Catechism of Short¬ hand,” 70 ; Chambers, Dr., poems of, 44 ; chap- books, reprints of, 45 ; Children’s Picture- books, 16; Christmas cards, 15, 20, 150, 193, 271, 274, 295, 298, 308 ; Christmas greeting-card, Lord Mayor’s, 16; Coats-of- Arms, book of, 266 ; “Contributions to the History of the Book Trade,” by Herr Frorn- mann, 143; “Co-operative Index to Peri¬ odicals,” 129; Cosmos, a new monthly, 242; “ Coloration (La) de la Pate a Papier,” 78; Dicks’s English Library, 181 ; “Die Herstel- lung von Druckwerken,” 289; Easter cards, Ward & Co.’s, 56; “Enemies of Books,” French translation, 29 ; English Illustrated Magazine, 250, 308 ; “ Essai sur l’lmprimerie en Saintonge et en Aunis,” 212 ; “Ethics of the Future,” 46; Expositor, Mr. Watts on “Textual Criticism,” 56; “Facsimiles of old Book¬ binding,” 213; Falkner’s “Patience” Christ¬ mas cards, 1 5 ; Fortnightly Review, 99 ; “Fortune’s Fool,” 44; “Guide to Art Illus¬ tration,” Hodson’s, 180; Guide to the German Language, 266 ; Hailing’s Circular, 73 ; Hand¬ book for Apprentice Compositors, 266 ; “ Heywood’s (John) Marvel Writing Copy¬ books,” 98; “Hiers,” by A. Piedagnel, 49; “ History of Paper,” by J. E. A. Smith, 253 ; “ History of Shorthand,” by J. Anderson, 123 ; “ History of Printing in Vienna,” 290 ; “ His¬ tory of Wood-engraving,” by G. E. Woodberry, 166 ; Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Graphic Arts, 49 ; Interchange, 77 ; “Japan: its Archi¬ tecture, Art,” &c., 92 ; “ Learning to Report,” 150 ; “ Liberty of the Press,” &c., by J. Pater¬ son, 7 ; “Life of Don John of Austria,” 213 ; Library Handbook, 262 ; Lord’s Prayer, an Illuminated, 15; “Love-knots and Bridal Bands,” Tuck’s, 29; Magazine of Art, 30, 99, 126, 162,308,309; “ Maitres Ornementistes,” Les, by M. Guilmard, 231 ; “Manual of Engra¬ vings,” Dutuit’s, 256; “Manual of Compendious Shorthand,” by E. Guest, 124; “Manual for the Type-writer,” 70; “ Manual of Mistakes ” &c., 309; “Memoir of Sir C. Reed,” 254; Munich Art Exhibition Catalogue, 289, 298 ; National Review, new Conservative Maga¬ zine, 6; “New Painting-book for Boys and Girls,” 86 ; Newspaper Directory, Italian, 21; “Numismatica Typographica,” by W. Blades, 162; Paper-makers’ Directory, 73; Petrarch’s “Triumph e Sonetti,” purchase of, 55; Pitman’s “Shorthand Library,” 213; Phonetic Journal, 74 ; Phonographic Lecturer, 74, 99, 251 ; Platt’s Essays, 99 ; Prang & Co.” “Garland of Love,” 112, — cards, 20, 298; Dec. is, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 111 Books, &c. (continued): — “Printers’ International Specimen Exchange,” 162 ; “Printing Trades’ Diary and Desk-book,” 297; “Public Companies, from the Cradle to the Grave,” 227 ; Publishers' Circular, 308 ; Publishers' Weekly , Christmas number, 312 ; Quaint, Ye, 284 ; Reade’s, Charles, Contributions to the Press, 4 ; “ Robinson Crusoe,” facsimile reproduction of, 4; “Re¬ marks on the Law of Literary Property, 1 80; Shorthand , 74; Shorthand Magaine, ■ 25 1 ; “Specimens of Letter-press Printing,” Shaw’s, 181 ; Stenographer, 99; “Stolen by. Gipsies,” Art-Union Picture, 17; “ Story of a .Nui'sery Rhyme,” 213; “Technical Terms relating to Printing Machinery,” 86, and see also “Ma¬ chinery”; Technological Dictionary, Tolhau- sen’s, 156; “ Uncle Tom’s Cabin,” circulation of, 312; Viennese Press Exhibition Catalogue, 49; “Week in the Yorkshire Dales,” 73; “Where to Emigrate,” 56; “Wien im Jahre 1683,” 290 ; “ Youth’s Business Guide,” 126 Booksellers’ : catalogues, 88 ; coat-of-arms, 104 ; signs, London, 150 Booksellers’ Provident Institution, 284 Booth, “ General,” and the Press, 99 Boyle, R. W. (Daily Chronicle), lectures by, 261 Bradshaw’s “Railway Guide,” origin of, 212, 239 Bramwell, Lord, on contempt of court, 86 Bridgwater Mercury office, fatal fire at, 213 British Museum : see “ Museum ” British Workman, late editor of, 237 Brown, Barnes, & Bell, Messrs., process of gela¬ tine reliefs, 196 Brown pigments, 205, 278 Browne, Hablot K. : see “Phiz” Bruce’s type-specimen book, 129 Builder, the : new editor, 273 ; retirement of Mr. Godwin, 273 Burglary: at Messrs. Bailliere & Co.’s, 73; at Messrs. Spicer’s, 123 ; at the Midland Echo, Birmingham, 307 Burt & Co., new premises of, 13 1, 138 CALCUTTA International Exhibition, 48 California, State printer for, 103 Canada: duty on books, 128, 241 ; fibre company, 288 Canonbury Tower, literary associations of, 239 Cape, strike at the, 128 Card-holder, Tuck’s, 164 Cards : art-needlework, 30 ; birthday, Christmas, &c., 3, 15, 16, 20, 56, 86, 1 12, 150, 193, 274, 295, 298 ; business, collection of quaint, 221 ; playing, 3 ; untearable enamel, 4 Carlyle’s house, 98 Cassell, Petter, & Co.: benefaction fund, 1; sports, 238 Caslon's Circular: on apprentices, 309 ; “Literary Ghosts” in, 2 Catalogue : Mr. Fillon’s library, 21 ; Fisheries Exhibition, 55 ; mistake in a, 154 ; of modern books, 307 ; an outfitter’s trade, 22 Catnach’s printing-office, 267, 286 Causton’s Athletic Club, 285 Caxton reprint, a, 180 Caxton’s device, 304 Caxtons, two : discovery of, 233 ; sale of, 191, 284 Census returns of printers, &c., 194 Central News Agency, telegrams, 194, 297 Chaix, M., Paris, division of profits, 156 Chamber of Commerce, London, printing trades section, 2, 71, 272 Chambers, J. C. (Land and Water), illness of, 15 Chambers, Dr. W. : baronetcy conferred on, 112 ; career of, 133, 136 ; death of, 159 ; will of, 189 Changes, Press, see “Journals, new” Changes, trade, 23, 51, 79, 105, 130, 157, 186, 218, 242, 267, 291, 313 Charente-Inferieure, printing in, 212 Charities, printing trade, 1, 27, 173 Charivari, jubilee of, 130 Charpentier & Co., collection of cards by, 221 Cheques, safety, 47 Chicago Printer , No. I, 184 China, waste paper in, 212 Chinese, telegraph signs for, 289 Christie, R. C., on the “Marquis de Morante,” 181 Cincinnati dailies, 77 Circular, printed, not a binding contract, 296 City guilds, commission of inquiry, 1 City and Guilds of London Institute, 84 City Press annual outing, 238 Claudin, M., Paris, sale catalogue of M. Fillon’s library, 21 Clearing-house, literary, 265 Clergymen printers, 192, 216 Coats of arms, printers’, &c., 21, 65, 209, 266 Cochin China, printing-office in, 185 Coincidence, literary, 297 Collier, J. Payne : death of, 269 ; newspaper blunders concerning, 249 Collingridge, Dr., 15, 180; degree of LL.D. conferred on, 316 Collingridge, W. H., City honour to, 27 Colonial Printers' Art Journal, the, 20 Colonies, litho-presses for, 109 Colour and Colour-Printing, 9, 32, 66, 90, 1 19, 140, 170, 203, 228, 235, 277, 300 Colour-printing by Miss Greenaway, 135 Colour-printing machine, Payne’s, 185 Colouring of paper stuff, 78 Colours, lithographic, machine for grinding, 2 30 Colvin, Prof., keeper of prints, British Museum, 191 Companies, New Printing and other : — Anthony, B. B., & Co., advertising agency, 106; “ Aris’s Birmingham Gazette,” 132; “ Ashore or Afloat ” Publishing, 219 ; Atlantic and Pacific Fibre, 218 ; S. Bagster &'Sons, 219; “Barnet and Finchley Gazette,” 268; Baskerville Printing, 24 ; “ Bedfordshire Standard” Newspaper, 314; Bennett & Co. (printers, &c.), 268; Bennett’s Intelligence Association, 138 ; British Patent Perforated Paper, 244; Cassell & Co., Printing and Pub¬ lishing, 131 ; Chapman & Hall, 106 ; “ Chris¬ tian Million ” Publishing, 292 ; Coffee Public- house Newspaper, 106 ; Combination-frame Advertising, 219; “Continental Times,” 187; Co-operative Printing Society, 219; “Court Circular” Newspaper, 31; Crown Publishing, 243; Dellagana (B. & Co.), Electrotypers, 158; Drake (John) & Co., Sheffield, 243 ; East of England Printing, 158 ; Ekrnan Pulp and Paper, 187; Elmore (William), Electrolytic, 158; Ennnott & Co., 219; “England” Newspaper and Publishing, 24 ; Envelope Manufacturing British, 24; Envelope Manufacturing, French, 24 ; “ Fair Trader ” Newspaper, 314 ; Financial Press, 244 ; “Gloucestershire Echo,” &c., Newspaper, 158 ; Graham’s Patent Wood- pulp, 314; Grapho Pen Manufacturing, 132; “ Gwalia ” Newspaper, 132; Indelible Ink, 187 ; Interleaf Publishing, 132, 219 ; Invest¬ ment Publishing, 219; “Killigrew” News¬ paper and Publishing,- 292, 314 ; Lambert & Co., Publishers, &c., 158; London and Counties Advertising, 132 ; London Music Publishing, 138; Lumb Paper, Edenfield, 292 ; Marcus Ward & Co., 291 ; Mechanical Music, English, 24 ; Midland News Association, 243 ; Milner & Co., Publishers, 80; Murdock (J.D.) & Co., Publishers, 106; Northern Press, 106; “Oracle” Newspaper, 158; Peinture- Bogaerts Printing, &c., 187 ; Perry & Co., 80, 219; Pictorial Printing and Publishing, 132; Postal Stamping and Patent Machinery, 219; Prang Educational, Boston, U.S.A., 20; Primitive Methodist Newspaper, 80 ; Printing Block, General, 51 ; Printsellers’ Association, 292 ; Pulp and Paper, new Patent, 23, 268 ; Railway Printing and Publishing, 131 ; Readdy & Birtwistle’s Library, 292 ; Reuter’s Telegram, 132; Rock Bros. & Payne, 219; Roud (Charles & Co.), Printers, &c. , 138; Sachs Engraving, 314; Scindia Paper-mills, 187; “Shipping World,” 132; Shop-assistants and Companies, New Printing, &c. (continued):— Clerks’, &c., Journal, 106 ; “ Social Reformer” Newspaper, 51 ; South Bank Newspaper, 132; Star Printing and Publishing, 244 ; ‘ ‘ Statist ” Newspaper, 131 ; “Thames ” Newspaper, 132; Thompson & Norris Manufacturing, 219 ; Union Publishing, 314; Universal Printing, 244; Woodbury, Tread away, & Co., 268; “ Yorkshireman” Newspaper, 244 Companies, new, number of, 1 Companies winding up: — Birmingham News¬ paper Publishing, 187, 268, 314 ; Commercial Advertising, 106, 132; Crown Printing, 80; “Estates Gazette,” 132; Fibre and Extract Patent, 52 ; Grantham and District Printing and Publishing, 263 ; Hollingbourne Paper, 51, 219 ; Kentish Press, 158 ; Lambe & Co. (J. B.), 80, 106; “Land and Water Journal,” 187, 219, 314; “Leeds Daily News,” 52; London Co-operative Printing and Stationery, 268; Manchester Caxton Club, 132 ; Methodist Newspaper Association, 314 ; Metropolitan Printing, 24; Newton Abbot Newspaper, 292 ; Paper-making, Colouring, and Glazing, 314; Pictorial Printing and Publishing, 219 ; Rees (Henry) & Co., 24; South African Newspaper, 219 ; Spence’s Metal Manufacturing, 24 ; Tyne Publishing, 244; Wolverhampton and Midland Newspaper, 132 ; Whitehaven Newspaper and Printing, 244 ; “ Yachting Gazette,” 52 Competition among printers, 74, 231 Competition : prize, for printers, &c. , 41; typo¬ graphical, 241 Competitions, technical, Leeds, 164 Compositor: elected mayor, 102, 288; one- handed, 241 Compositors, London Society of, 31, 60, 112, 193, 274, 295 ; treasurers of, 26, 98 Composing-machine : the Brackelsberg, 104 ; Winder’s, 204 Composing-machines, unsuccessful, 271 Compton Lithograph Company, America, speci¬ mens of work, 3 Congress of operative printers, second, 241 Constantinople, printing-press in, 185 Contempt of court, 28, 288 ; Bill on, 83 ; in India, 154; in Sydney, 31 1 Contracts: printing, &c., 83, 127, 151, 224., 296; prison printing, 223 ; School Board printing, 223, 247, 286 Conversations in novels, how to print, 153 Co-operative Association of Printers, proposed, 16 Co-operative Printing Society, profits of, 51 “Copy,” woman’s, always suspicious, 59 Copying process, new, 241 Copyright : Anglo-American, 181 ; designs in connexion with graphic arts, 296 ; between France and Germany, 21 ; Fine Art and Photo¬ graphs Bill, 138; international, 214; law, 273; law, American, 77 ; in lectures, 19 ; in titles of books, 272 ; registration of new books, 272 Corfield, T. W., business transferred, 23 Cork Exhibition : Dublin exhibitors, 213 ; print¬ ing contract, 13 1 ; prize medal for, 239, 274 .Correctors of the Press, London Association of, 307 Correspondence : — Charpentier & Co., collec¬ tion of old business cards, 221 ; Christmas and the aged printers, 315; Colour, avoiding gloss in, 316; Fougeadoire’s re¬ ducing machine, 190, 270 ; Hall’s new type¬ writer, 81 ; Kingdon, A., and Cooke, partner¬ ship, 79, 190; lithography at the Cape, 190; “Mulready” envelopes, forged, 294; litho¬ graphy, new process in, 82 ; paper-making machine, inventors of, 294 ; photo-lithography, difficulties in, 54, 81 ; printing in green, 222 ; Sanger, W. J., on the printing competition at the Printing Exhibition, 294 ; transfers, keep¬ ing, 108 ; type-founders’ charges, 81 ; zinc- plate blocks, 189 Correspondents, answers to, 26, 34, 82, 108, 134, 160, 190, 222, 246, 370, 294, J16 Corrupt Practices Bill, the, 138; “sandwich- men,” 162 IV THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Dec. 15, 1883. Cosques, Messrs. Mead & Deverell’s, 274 Courts of Justice, new, printing-office in, 15 Cowper’s house and press, 99 Crane-court and its associations, 305 “ Cranston ” press, the, 217 Creditors, meetings of, see “ Gazette Notices ” Criticism, legitimate, 56 Croydon, Mr. Layton elected alderman, 161 Curiosities of printing, 4, 86, 111 Cutting-machine, large, 262 DAGUERRE, bust of, at Cormeilles, 225 Dailies, illustrated, 284 Daily Press Rowing Club, United, 284 Damages, heavy, in libel cases, 6 Darwen Paper-mill Co., profits of, 51 Daylight, — libel, battery, and assault, 75, 12S Day’s lithographic and shading mediums, 171, I99 Decorations conferred on printers, 217 Dedication, fulsome, 309 Da la Rue & Co.’s factories, 150 Dennis, Michael, memorial to, 2 66 Dewsbury Chronicle , amusing error in, 4 Diaries, 298, 308 Dickens, C., birthplace of, 262 ; circulation of his works, 44 ; sale of residences of, 237 Dickens, H. F., recorder of Deal, 180 Die-sinking, Birmingham, 309 Disappearance, mysterious, 126 Dishonesty of employes, 22, 47, 76, 104, 182, 183, 288 Dismissal: instant, 263,310; wrongful, 183, 216 “Don’t,” — Field& Tuer’s “ Manual of Mistakes,” 309 Doudney, Rev. Dr. : career of, 192 ; gifts to Almshouse inmates by, 23S Dore, Gustave, origin of name, 73 Dramatic Authors’ Guild, new, 125 Dramatic Authors’ Society, 45 Drapers v. Booksellers in Australasia, 183 Dresser, Dr., on Japanese art, 92 Drummond, C. J., freedom of the City to, 125 Dryden’s house, Fetter-lane, 238 Duncan, D., Cardiff, elected alderman, 271 Dunckley, H. ( Manchester Examiner), LL.D., 98 Dynamite, police vigilance, 126 EAGLE STREET site, compositors’, 60 Edinburgh booksellers’ reunion, 285 Edinburgh Co-operative Printing Co., 151 Editor : before and after, 261 ; difficulties of, 311 ; Papal honour to, 312; thrashing an, 75 Editor’s chair, thorns in, 127 Editors’ work on daily papers, 101 Editors, women, IOI Edmond, J. P., on early Aberdeen printers, 43, 226 Edwards, E., librarian, pension to, 262 Electric light: in the House of Commons, 125 ; for paper-mills, 46 ; in printing-offices, 44, 104, 265 Elections, restrictions on printing, &c., 58 Emblems, trade, 60 Embezzlement : by a clerk, 47 ; by employes, 288 ; of funds of printers’ unions, 22 ; by newspaper manager, 183 Emigration of printers, 136 English, diplomatic, 239 English Illustrated Magazine , 242 ; machinery for, 223 Engraver etchers, original, 177 Engraving Institute in Rome, Government, 94 Engraving-machine, improved, 155 Engravings: article on, 114; high price of, 136; restoration of okl, 284 Envelope, advantage of keeping, 297 Errors, printers’, 4, 15, in, 226, 248, 287, 297; Mr. Watts on, 56 Esparto fibre : company for supplying, 31 ; re¬ duction of tonnage rates, 284 Etching and engraving: as fine arts, 147, 1 6 1 , 176 ; principles and practice of, 97 Evening News, annual dinner, 261 Examination papers, curiosities of, 181 Exhibition : Central Union, Paris, receipts of, 21 ; graphic arts, 86, 217, 266; industrial, Cork, no, — catalogue, 261; international, Crystal Palace, 296; Munich Art, catalogue, 289, 298 Exhibition, printing trades, 32, 55, no, 179, 191, 197, 294 ; exhibitors at the, 198 ; meeting as to, 14; trade competitions at, 32, 205, 294 FACTORY" ACT : breaches of, 182 ; con¬ viction under, 240, 311 Failures, commercial, 1, 31, 60, 87, 113, 139, 166, 196, 228, 252, 275, 298 Farnham type-setter, the, 155 Farthing newspaper postage, 180 Field, D. J., Dublin: award to, 150; painful position of, 262 Figaro, French, printed in London, 296 Fight in a newspaper-office, 152 Fiji, Government printing-office in, 311 Fires, 17, 19, 45, 74, 100, 112, 152, 213,217, 239, 283, 289, 307 Fisheries exhibition : catalogue, 55 ; diploma of honour, 286; literature at, 151 Fleet-street, memorable print-shop in, 46 Floods, damage to paper-mills, 98 Forgery: bank-note, 44, 130, 172, 264; race- tickets, 264 Fougeadoire’s enlarging and reducing machine, 61, 190, 270 Fox, C. W. ( Hackney Express), mayor of Maidenhead, 295 Francis Memorial Fund and newsvendors, 9S Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, New York, office of, 155 Franklin collection, purchase of, 17 Fraud: advertising, 182, 264; by a master-printer, 264 French Printers’ Society, 49 Furnival, Messrs., machinery by, 191 GALIGNANI, W., bequests of, 3; death of, 3, 25 Gallery Lodge, the, 213 Galpin, Mr., reminiscences of his firm, 137 Garden, strike at the, 299 Gardiner, W., engraver and bookseller, 136 Garnett, R., British Museum, LL.D., 98 Gas-saving appliance, Snelgrove’s, 285 Gazette, German, profits of, 185 Gazette Notices, 24, 52, 80, xo6, 132, 138, 187, 220, 244, 268, 292,314 Gedney, C. W., freedom of the City to, 125. Gelatine: birthday-cards, &c., 1 1 2 ; reliefs, printing surfaces from, 196; sheets, special shapes of, 249 German v, Latin characters, 49 Germany : newspaper press in, 50 ; number of people employed in printing, &c., 266 ; printers’ wages in, 2 1 Glasgow : Master Printers’ Association, 30 ; Mitchell Library, 125; printing trade of, 17; trades procession, 247 Gloss in colour, avoiding, 316 Glue-powder, Turney’s, 164, 284 Goebel, Herr T. , honour conferred on, 266; juror at the Swiss Exhibition, 185 Godwin, G. : at the Art-Union, 112; retirement from the Builder, 273 Gotch, J. S., presentation to, 102 Government printing and publishing, 85 ; com¬ petition for, 178 ; contracts for binding, 296 “ Grammar of Lithography ” and the Pacific Printer, 103 “Graph” process anticipated, 152 Graphic, the, and the Post-office, 193 ; Christmas number of, 267 Gratuities to employes of the Echo, 238 Greek book, the first printed in America, 77 Green pigments, 170, 222, 278 Gumming, varnishing, &c., machine, Allen’s self¬ acting, 30 Gutenberg Journal, engravings in, 21 HADEN, F. S., medal awarded to, 161 ; on etching and engraving, 147, 16 1, 176 Hall, C. H., reproductive process of, 13 Hall’s new type-writer, 35, 81, 200 Hand-stamp printing-press, 217 Hart, Mr. FI., appointment of, 247 Hawkes & Phelps, Messrs., stereo-columns supplied by, 46 Head & Mark, Messrs., trade dispute settled, 191 Health, a new journal, 104 Heiresses, directory of, 241 Hessels, J. H., degree ofM.A. conferred on, 295 Hewitt, F. W., presentation to, 284 Hey wood, Bros., metal furniture by, 308 Ilildesheiiner’s productions, 3, 44 ; winners of prizes given by, 112 Hobson, W., mayor of Derby, 295 Ilodson, J. S., on pictorial illustrations, 42, 83, 127 I loll, F., A.R.A., name misspelt, 44 Holms, W. , M.P., curious error in name, 15 T LLUSTRATIONS to literature, pictorial, 42, 1 83, 127 ; art of, 310 Index : to leading periodicals, 129 ; to copyright registers, 307 India: book production in, 264; newspaper press in, 241, 288 ; revenue from printing, &c., 192 Injector for type-casting machines, 77 Injuries, liability for, 102 Ink : cheap black, 126 ; indorsing, 185 ; invisible, for post-cards, 305 ; new invisible, 241 ; pencils, caution, 127; photo-process, Sprague & Co’s., 3 ; printer’s, appetite for, 184; printing preparation of, 300 Inks and colours : chemical nature of, 250 ; machine for grinding, 230 Insurance, fire, and the Government Printing- office, Victoria, 19, 76 Insurance of MSS. against fire, 239 Intimidation of journalists, 41 Inventions, remunerative, 180 Ireland, printing trade in, 84 Isbister, A. M., will of, 245 Italy : newspaper press, 241 ; printers of the fifteenth century, 142 JAF FRAY, Mr. J ohn ( Birmingham Daily Post), munificent gift by, 284 Jamaica, destruction of newspaper offices, 19 Japan : paper-making in, 236 ; piracy by pub¬ lishers, 130 Japanese drawing and engraving, 92 Jerdan, the late Mr., and poetry, 163 Jerrold, Blanchard, testimonial to, 16 Job, A., stationer, will of, 134 Job-printing, specimens of, 129 Jottings, American, 20, 48, 77, 103, 129, 154, 183, 217, 241, 265, 289, 312 Jottings, Colonial, 19, 48, 76, 102, 128, 154, 183, 216, 241, 264, 288, 311 Jottings, Continental and Foreign, 21, 49, 78, 103, 130, 155, 184, 217, 241, 266, 289 Jottings, English, 15, 44, 73, 98, 125, 150, 179, 212, 237, 261, 284 Jottings, Legal, 18, 47, 75, 101, 128, 153, 182, 215, 240, 263, 287, 310 Journals, New, and Press Changes, 22, 50, 79, 104, 130, 156, 186, 217, 242, 267, 290,312 Journal fiir Buckdruckerhunst, the, 22 Journalists : American, 181 ; in diplomatic service, 74 ; M.P.’s, 45 ; the oldest in Canada, 288 ; women, 217, 306 Jubilee : Charivari, 130 ; printers’, Vienna, 103; of Herr Sacher-Masoch, 2 1 Judy, charge of libel, 274 Justices, newspaper proprietors disqualified, 109, 1 10 KEGAN PAUL & Co., fire at premises of, 112 Kelly, F. F. (P.O. Directory), will of, 221 Kennedy, D., presentation to, 154 Dec. 15, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER v Kerry Sentinel: re-appearance of, 180; treason¬ able notices in, 137 “ Kidder ” printing-machine, 16 Kingdon, Mr., technological classes by, 192, 226 Kirkcaldy printers, excursion of, 238 Knowledge (Universal) Society, 308 Konig, F. : agreement with Mr. T. Bentley as to steam printing, 2; monument to, 130, 185 Korans, effacement of printing in, 217 LABEL-MAKING machine, E. A. Ballister's patent, 263 Labels on printing-papers, 152 Labouchere, Mr., on Stationery Office expendi¬ ture, 59 Law stationers as agents for solicitors, 1 10 Layton, A. T., elected alderman of Croydon, 161 Leech, John, preservation of works of, 126 Legal Jottings Adams, T in rc, — com¬ pensation, 215 ; Annandale v. MacIntyre, — contract, 18; Arnold and Morris, in re, — com¬ pensation, 101 ; Attorney-General v. Aris's Birmingham Gazette, — libel, 101 ; Barrett v. Inner Circle Railway, — compensation, 18; Blackburn Standard, — alleged contempt of court, 288; Bleach v. Wright, — liability of a club, 240 ; Broemel v. Declem, — wrongful dismissal, 216; Buchanan v. Watson, — slander, 182; Central News v. Eastern Telegraph Co., — telegrams divulged, 194; Central News v. Press Association, 297 ; Chamberlain v. Boyd, — libel, 28 ; Chestelane v. Negri, — libel, 47 ; City Lantern (Manchester), — advertise¬ ments, 182, 21 3; Colledge v. Globe, — libel, 31 1 ; contempt of court, in re Times, 28 ; Cox v. Hulton, — copyright, 47 ; Cope v. Payne, — performance of agreement, 102 ; copyright in lectures, 19; criminal prosecutions for libel, 28; Curtis v. Artistic Printing Co., — condona¬ tion of workman’s offence, 19 ; custom of trade, 75, 3 10 ; Dale v. Smith, — copyright, 215 ; Daylight, the libel by, 240; Dicks v. Jackson, — copyright, 75 ; Embezzlement by a manager, 128; Field v. Lord, — disputed liability, 153; Fitch v. Winter, — printer’s charge, 76; Fitz¬ patrick v. Otto Printing Co., — instant dis¬ missal, 263 ; Freethinker, — libel, 29 ; Gooch v. Metropolitan and District Railways, 75 ; “Good Templar” libel, — compensation, 102; Hammond v. Burgess,— libel, 75 ; Hollyer v. Kelly — leaving without proper notice, 75 ; Ilowitt v. Thomas & Co., — paper-mill nuisance, 139; Humphreys v. Boot, — -injunction, 183; Hunter v. Henchmann, — -Wrongful dismissal, 183; Isaacs v. Commissioners of Sewers, — compensation, 287 ; Jackson v. Phillips, — mistake in a catalogue, 154; Jepson v. Coldwell, — advertisement order, 76 ; Kensington v. Killarby, — liability in ordering work, 31 1 ; Law Stationer pretending to be a Solicitor, 128 ; Leighton v, Royal Courts of Justice Chambers Co., 287; Levin v. Metro¬ politan, &c.. Railways, — compensation, 153; libel, conviction quashed, — in rc Starr-Bowkett Building Societies, 18, — imprisonment for, 19, 28, — -justification of, 28, 29, — summary proceed¬ ings, 275 ; libels, 47, 56, 59, 75, 101, 102, 128, 182, 216, 240, 274, 275, 287, 31 1 ; Mackintosh v. Jackson, — canvasser’s commission, 215 ; Mardon v. Bristol Waterworks Co., — value of paper-mills, 153; Middlehurst v. United Asbestos Co. — advertisements, 182, 213 ; Nottage v. Jackson, — copyright in photographs, 192, 215 ; Oldham Standard, the, libel by, 240; Parker v. Lockwood, — American Stationer libel, 77 ; Pioneer, alleged libel, 287 ; Plating Co. (appellants), Farquharson and others re¬ spondents), — infringement of patent, 153 ; Potter v. Gladding, — disputed account, 128; Reporter Press Agency v. Grantham Printing Co., 75 ; Rhyl Advertiser, libel, 216 ; Richardson v. Harrison, — loss of apprentice’s services, 215 ; Riddle v. Dilks, — copyright, 18; Robarts v. Collingridge, — libel, 182 ; Ross v. Sandon, — breach of agreement, 102 ; salaries Legal Jottings ( continued ): — in bankrupt estates, 19 ; Shutt v. Ilolgate,— ■ libel, 128; Smith v, Rowney, — delay in print¬ ing, 215 ; Smith v. Shepherd, — copyright in Thackeray’s works, 19; Staines Advertiser, — libel, 216; Sweet v. Baxter, — literary coinci¬ dence, 297 ; Taylor v. Gass, — advertisement design, 128 ; Thomas v. Stevens, — libel, 47 ; Turner v. Berger & Co., — printed circular not binding contract, 296; “Water of Ayr Stones,” — trade-mark, 216, 288; Watts v. Mechanical World, — libel, 56; World, libel in, 59; Yorkshire Busy Bee v. North, — disputed liability, 31 1 Leipsic : as a printing centre, 260 ; and Berlin as publishing centres, 217 Lewes printing contract, 127 Leyden, Lucas van, engraved work reproduced, 21 Libel Act and criminal prosecutions, JIO Libel : blasphemous, 59 ; cases, number of, 272 ; cases of heavy damages, 6 ; danger of copying, 165 ; see also “ Legal Joltings ” “ Liber studiorum,” frauds with, 238 Librarians, congress of, 250 Libraries, free, in the provinces, 98 Library Association, 99 Libri MSS., the, 104 ; claim of France, 56 “ Life of Christ,” MS., high price of, 181 Literary Association, International, 43 Literary Club, Nottingham, 308 Literature : cheap, 15 1 ; pictorial illustrations to, 42 Lithographers : Amalgamated Society of, 43 ; coat of arms of, 65 ; Pension Society, 137, 237 Lithography, “novelties,” 3 Litho-machinery : prizes for, 32, 55 ; stone grind¬ ing, 265 Lockwood press, U.S.A., 184 London Gazette, history of, 126; revenue from, 226 Lord Mayor’s Christmas card, 16; invitation card to banquet, 286 Lorilleux, Ch., ink-factory, Milan, 21 Lufft, the “ Bible printer,” 225 Luther, Martin : piracies of his works, 225 ; quarcentenary of, 224 MC’COAN, Mr., M.P., a journalist, 136 Machine, new Anglo-French, 42 Machinery: American, 57 ; keeping it clean, 149; Mann & Co’s., 57 Machinery, Printing, Technical Terms or, 69, 86, 96, 145, 208, 233, 258, _ 278, 303 Mackay, Dr. C., proposed subscription for, 125 Mackellar, T., Philadelphia, presentation to, 154 McKinley & Co., Melbourne, new premises of, 19 McPherson, Mr., machinery improvements at the Bank by, 60 Madan, F., a Caxton fragment found by, 235 Maidstone Typographical Association, 238 Marne, A., golden wedding of, 49 Manchester and Salford Association of Master Printers, &c., 83; annual dinner, 271 Mann & Co., printing machinery by, 57 Map of Great Britain, ill Marshall, II. B., Grand Treas. of Freemasons, 271 Martin, Mrs. F., fund for, 125 Massachusetts, statistics of trade, 289 Master Printers' Association : Glasgow, 30 ; Man¬ chester, 83, 271 Matrimony, how to furnish a house for, 6 Mead & Deverell, cosaques and fancy goods by, 274 Meetings of creditors, see “Gazette” Meetings of the month, 43, 72 Melbourne: bookbinders’ hours, 102; collapse of newspapers, 19, 264; Daily Telegraph , 288 ; Government printing-office, fire at, 19, 76; new printing-office, 20; newspaper enterprise, 19, 183, 264; printers’ wages, 102, 216; Typo¬ graphical Society, 49, 102, 183, 265 Merchant Taylors’ School, journalists from, 308 “ Methodist Book Concern,” American, 126 Mitchell, J. R., dinner to, 262 Mitchell Library, Glasgow, 125 Mohr, Louis, contribution to literature, 49 Moller’s substitute for litho-stone, 275 Montgolfier Brothers, paper-makers and balloon inventors, 225 Montreal, strike at, 128 Moon, the, an insane newspaper, 20 More, Sir T. , canonisation of, 4 Morley, Mr. John, M.P. , 58 “ Mulready ” envelopes, forgery of, 263, 294 Munich Art Exhibition catalogue, 289, 298 Museum, British : artificial lighting, 214 ; cata¬ logue of satirical prints in, 262; newspaper accommodation, 126; print department, 151, 1 6 1 , 191 ; printing of catalogue, 163 Music-printing in Philadelphia, 78 NAPOLEON, Prince, printer of manifesto of, fined, 49 National Printing-office, Paris : petition against, 5 ; sick fund, 266 Neale, F., Birmingham, dinner to, 151 Negro journalists, 265 New South Wales : competition among printers, 20; law of libel, 1285 newspapers in, 312; piper and printing trades in, 265 New Year’s collection, printers’ charities, 1, 27 New York Herald: mammoth edition, 129 ; publisher, 78 New York: newspaper buildings in, 312,— enterprise, 155 ; newspapers, reduction of price, 265 : paper trade, 265 ; printing trade of, 78; railway news-stands, 155; strike in, 312 New Zealand statistics, 128 Newcastle Printers’ Benefit Society, 213 News-boys : Liverpool, entertainment, 99 ; regu¬ lations as to, 150 News Brigade camp, 262 Newspaper: and printing-office, as “ First Prize,” 102; circulation, 47; daily, on “Christian principles,” 225, 226; errors, 249, 287, — see also “Errors”; history, successful, 103 Newspaper Libel Act, the Public Prosecutor, 164 Newspaper press : American statistics of, 283 ; British, 97 Newspaper Press Fund, I, 45, 72, 149 Newspaper proprietors : disabilities of, 162 ; dis¬ qualified for Justices of the Peace, 109, no Newspaper Registration Act, success of, 226 Newspapers, lecture on, 285 Night-workers, diet for, 59 North Star and N. Standard, opening of new premises of, 224 Northampton Typographical Society, 7 z Northern Star, particulars of the, 74 Norton, J., and the Stationers’ Co., 30 Notice, custom of trade, 75, 310 Nottingham Typographical Association, 263 “ No. 1,” a stationer, 1 12 Novels, essentials for writing, 262 ; law against reading, 155 OBITUARY :— Adams, J., (printing-press manufacturer), Boston, U.S.A., 245 ; Achaintre, A. ( Gutenburg Journal), 133 ; Agnew, T., print-seller, Manchester, 133 ; Alder, W. (Blyth Weekly Nezvs), 245 ; Allen, J. (Morning Post), 25 ; Althans, Mr. (Religious Tract Society), 25 ; Ambrose, E., plan and map draughtsman, 52 ; Arends, Herr I,., author of German system of shorthand, 25 ; Bain, A., bookseller, Huntly, 107; Barlow, F. P. (J. Dickinson & Co.), Chil worth, 221 ; Bedford, F., bookbinder, 188; Bell, J., Glasgow, 107; Bescherelle, L. N., librarian, Louvre, Paris, 81 ; Bewick, Miss I., Gateshead, I 159 ; Billing, M. (Billing & Sons), Birmingham, 221 ; Blanchard, S., 315 ; Blockley, J., music- publisher, 107 ; Bonnewell, H. W., printer’s broker, 315 ; Breton, Louis (Ilachette & Co.), Paris, 293; Brown, D. K., journalist, Canada, 293 ; Buchanan, A., journalist, N. S. Wales, I 245 ; Burgess, W., type-founder, 237 ; Calvert, VI THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Dec. ij, 1883. Obituary {continued) : — J., bookseller, Manchester, 269 ; Cazalet, E., (proprietor, Mark Lane Express ), 133 ; Chambers, J. G. {Land and Water), 81 ; Chambers, Dr. W., Edinburgh, 159, 189; Chappell, F. P., 52 ; Chifferiel, F., printer, 133 ; Clowes, W. (Clowes & Sons), Stamford- street, 160; Collier, J. Payne, journalist, 269; Collins, S. C., Philadelphia, 245 ; Cook, Dutton, author, 245 ; Couper, R., paper-maker, 189; Croal J. {Haddingtonshire Courier), 52; Crossley, J., Manchester, 221 ; Crowdy, J., editor of the Artist, 52; Dilke, A. W., M.P., 81, 107, 189; Dohm, Herr E., Berlin, 52; Dore, P. G., artist, 53 ; Douglas, W. S., Edinburgh, 189; Doyle, R., artist, 315 ; Edis, D. G. (Partridge & Co.), bookseller, 245 ; Evans, W. {Manchester Guardian), 245 ; Fahrenbacher, Max, lithographer, Vienna, 160 ; Falkner, G., printer, Manchester, 25 ; Fisher, J. {Waterford Mail), 25; Fletcher, D., book¬ seller, St. Andrew, 160; Foster, J. L. ( Yorkshire Gazette), 315 ; Franck, J., Belgium, engraver, 81 ; Galignani, W., Paris, 25 ; Gardiner, J., book¬ seller, Wisbeach, 293 ; Gellan, W.» {Contem¬ porary Review), 134; Gelderd, R. B., printer, Ulverston, 81 ; Gemmell, J., stationer, Glasgow, 269; Gilder, R., Oxford, 107; Gooch, Mr., {St. Pancras Guardian), 53 ; Gowdie, E. {Ballarat Evening Post), 53 ; Gray, J. (V. British Advertiser), 134 ; Guasco, H. R., Paris, 81 ; Guest, j., bookseller, Birmingham, S3 ; Hart, H., printer, Saffron Walden, 293 ; Hastings, H. J., journalist, New York, 293 ; Hay, J., Edinburgh, 107 ; Heaton, Mrs. Mary M. , 189 ; Heine, widow of the author, Paris, 81 ; Hone, A., 53 ; Hendy, W. (Bates, Hendy, & Co.), publisher, 53; Henderson, J. A. {Belfast News-Letter), 134 ; Henderson, J. S., journalist, 269; Hodge, D., Montrose, 134; Hope, J., stationer, Halifax, 25 ; Hopper, W., paper-maker, Hunslet, 189; Huber, K., land¬ scape engraver, Zurich, 25 ; Iiuot, A. J., French engraver, 81 ; Isbister, A. K., Barnsbury, 160; Johnson, W. J., of Fleet-street, 107; Jolliffe, T. P., stationer, Edgware-road, 81 ; Jones, C. A. {Morning Advertiser), 25 ; Jordan, Pro¬ fessor, St. Petersburg, 293 ; Justyne, P. W., artist, 189 ; Juta, Carl, Cape Town, 245 ; Kent, G. H., journalist, Brighton, 160 ; Kir- bach, Herr A., Dresden, 221 ; Knight, E. H., American writer, 81 ; Knight, J., machinist, Leeds, 261 ; Kurz, Herr G. M., engraver, Munich, 53 ; Lebeau, M. {Fcuille de Provins), France, 53 ; Lee, D. McP., Bermuda, 81 ; Lee, J., Wood-green, 25 ; Leigh, Ii. S., humorist, 189; Leng, H. C., Sheffield, 134; Limbird, J., printer, 315 ; Love, G., printseller, 245 ; Love, W., Ayr, 107 ; Lovejoy, G., Reading, 221 ; M‘Intosh, J., bookseller, Edinburgh, 270; M‘Kay, A., Kilmarnock, 134; MacKenna, S. J. {Evening- News), 25 ; Mackenzie, Mr. , the Irish Diamond, 107 ; Macnair, J. R., Glasgow, 293 ; Mark, Dr. K., socialist, 107 ; Maper, W., stationer, Leeds, 53 ; Martin, F. {Statesman), 53 ; Mathews, J., newsvendor, Liverpool, 107; Mathews, J. {Dundalk Examiner), 245 ; Mid¬ dleton, R. T. {Mining Journal), 270; Moody, W. (Drake & Co.’s), 315 ; Moore, W., late of Huddersfield, 53; Nicholls, J. F., librarian, Bristol, 270; Nimmo, J., litho¬ grapher, Edinburgh, 270 ; Nimmo, W. P., publisher, Edinburgh, 134 ; Norman, T., stationer, 189 ; North, W. (Blacklock & Co.’s), 315; Ogilvie, J. {China Mail), 189; Palliser, P. , Harrogate, 221 ; Patmore, G., journalist, Manchester, 107 ; Peat, R., Perth, 160; Philp, R. K., editor of “ Inquire Within,” 25; Phillips, J., journalist, 189; Pilson, C., Downpatrich, 160 ; Platt, R., Caxton Printing-works, Wigan, 160; Pollet, M. Victor, engraver, Florence, 26 ; Price, G. W. (sec. to Dellagana &Co.), 245 ; Ralston, J. McL., book-illustrator, 221 ; Reid, Captain Obituary {continued): — Mayne, novelist, 293; Roder, Herr G., paper- maker, Germany, 270 ; Rodgers, A., Montrose, 160; Ross, Dr. J. M., Edinburgh, 81; Rothney, G. S. (Dickinson & Co.’s), 315 ; Row- bottom, S .{Alfreton Journal), 189 ; Russell, C. W., law stationer, 53 ; Sanders, W., librarian, Westminster Abbey, 270; Saunders, E., sta¬ tioner, Cannon-street, 134; Sheeran, W., litho¬ graphic artist, Walworth, 160; Slater, H., lithographer, Leeds, 245 ; Smithies, T. B. (editor of British Workman), 221, 293 ; Spottis- woode, W., President Royal Society, 189 ; Stafford, D., printer, Nottingham, 107 ; Stagg, J., reporter, Bath, 179 ; Stebbing, Rev- Dr., 270 ; Stephenson, Rev. T. {Literary World), 315 ; Stewart, C. J., bookseller, 270; Stock, J., Melbourne, 154; Suttaby, A., publisher, 293; Sutton, T., Chorlton-on-Medlock, 160; Taswell-Langmead, T. P. {Law Magazine), 53 ; Toulmin, J. G., Preston, 270; Tullis, W., paper-maker, 189 > Turle, H. F. (Notes and Queries), 189; Vacher, C., w'ater-colour draughtsman, 221 ; Ward, R. ( North of Eng¬ land Advertiser), 26; Watson, N. M‘L. (Man¬ chester Evening News), 53 ; West, B., book¬ binder, Clerkenwell, 107 ; Wilcox, J., journalist, Liverpool, 221 ; Willcox, M., paper-manufac¬ turer, Philadelphia, 134; Williams, J., music- publisher, 221 ; Withers, J. C., journalist, 54; Wood, A. (Austin, Wood, & Co.), type¬ founder, 81 ; Wright, C., stationer, Edinburgh, 107; Wright, J., Halifax, 134; Wright, F. S., printer, Longton, and Ventnor, 245 ; Wright, W. A., bookseller, Newmarket, 270 ; Yeoman, J. C., treasurer London Society of Compositors, 26 Oils, how they dry, 10 Orange pigments, 119, 278 Ordnance maps, production of, III Ornament, the great masters of, 231 Overwork and its result, 44 Oxford University, income from printing by, 162 PAINTER-ETCHERS’ Society, exhibition by, 45 Paper: Belgian exports, 185; duty in France, repeal of, 5 ; history of, 252, 294 ; house, 73 ; incombustible, 266 ; post-dated, 286 ; pulleys, 129; rails for railways, 184; a ream of, 97 -, steam launches, 241 ; statistics of, 165 ; waste in China, 212 Paper and printing industries : American tariff, 84 ; in the City Common Council, 2 Paper-makers’ Association, 182 Paper-makers’ Club, 72, 98, 272 Paper-makers : and pollution, 99, 125 ; com¬ petition, 275 ; technical school for, 266 Paper-making: in Austria, 185; in India, 76; Indian fibres for, 20; in Japan, 236; machine, 253, 294 ; in New South Wales, 154 ; in South Russia, 85 Paper-mills: nuisance from, 139; Public Ledger, 184 ; of the world, 256 Paper trade, our, 6, 31, 60, 87, 113, 139, 165, 195, 196, 228, 252, 272, 298 Paper trade: American, 103, 129, 217, 289; Austrian, 185 ; Canadian, 48 ; German, 104, 266 ; Switzerland, 185 Paper-warehouse on old London Bridge, 262 Papyrus, the word, M. Madden on, 241 Parcels post, 151 ; and newspapers, III Paris : compositors’ wages in, 50 ; municipal printing-office, 242 ; national printing-office, 5, 266; postal printing-office, 104 Paris Despatch, new morning paper, 186 Paris Societe Typographe, 49 Participation of profits, 136, 137, 156, 290 Patent Office, statistics of, 249 Patents connected with printing, German, 185 Patents, Designs, and Trade-marks Act, 227, 249; and the graphic arts, 296 Patents, Letters, 23, 51, 79, 105, 131, 157, 186, 218, 243, 268, 291, 313 Pens, steel, early history of, 309 Pension, Printers’ : annual meeting, 72 ; can¬ didates for, 27 ; Christmas distribution, 247 ; contribution by the Stationers’ Co., 98 ; election of pensioners, 59 ; festival, 27, 109, 161, 178; Spottiswoode memorial, 223, 271, 295 Pentateuch, the English, a rare find, 308 Perforating attachment for cylinder presses, 282 Petter, Mr., retirement of, 137 Petter & Galpin, participation in profits by employes, 136, 137 “Phiz”: artistic character of, 100; exhibition of works by, 46, 271 Phonetic Shorthand- writers’ Association, 238 Photo-filigrane, 65 Photographic Society, exhibition, 248 Photographs, copyright in, 192, 215 Photo-litho transfer process, Asser’s, 304 Picture-books : dangerous, 6 ; history of, 285 Pictures, sporting, 180 Pieper’s Precision-pantograph, 114 Pigments as applied to printing, 9 ; see also “ Colour and Colour Printing ” Pitman, F., shorthand library, 213, 307 Pitman, I., gifts of books to libraries, 238 Playing-card Makers’ Company, banquet, 1 Playing-card makers, number of, 224 Playing-cards: German manufacture, 217; new design, 1 Polyglot printing-office, Leipsic, 186 Polytechnic, technical classes at, 192, 226 Postage-stamps : new American, 241, 265 ; new Austrian, 184; cancelling, 308; colonial, printing of, 129 ; new purple, 15 Postage, vexatious restrictions, 27, 28 Poster, a mammoth, 103 Post-office : Christmas cards, 308 ; huckstering, 31 ; letters delivered, 193 ; newspapers circu¬ lated, 193 ; protection against advertising, 162, 192 ; U.S.A., 48 Poulter, T., integrity of, 15 Precision-pantograph, Pieper’s, 114 Presentations, complimentary, 16, 43, 45, 72, 99, 102, 154, 284, 285, 310, 31 1 Press Association, 15 1 Press, civic honours to members of the, 295 Press, errors of, see “ Errors ” Pressmen, Amalgamated Society of, 42 Press Rowing Club, 214 Printers' Bulletin, the, 129 Printers: aged, and Christmas, 315; coats-of- arms, 209; confidential servants, 309; French, 16th century, 122; honours on, 46, 295, 307, 310 ; Italian, 15th century, 142 ; “ most learned people,” 307 ; professional men, 192, 216; rights of, 7, 39; in Rome, 185 Printers’ “ New Year’s collection,” 1, 27 Printers’ Overseers’ Society, Paris, 21 Printers and publishers, rights and responsibility of, 7, 39 Printing and allied trades, London Chamber of Commerce, 2, 71, 272 Printing and publishing, difference between, 73 Printing : Civil Service estimates, 58 > expeditious, 286; Government expenditure, 214; Par¬ liamentary estimates for, 85 ; romance of, 309 Printing-machine builders, Leeds, assessment of, 248 Printing machinery: Improvements, 113; technical terms, see “Machinery” Printing-office : curiosities, 86, 111; demolition of an old city, 214; “ Economy,” 61, 113; an old newspaper, 305 Printing, prison, 49 ; Deputy Maffi on, 21 Printing Times and Lithographer, “lifting” from, 297 Printing-trade, statistics of American, 283 _ Printing Trades’ Exhibition, see “ Exhibition ” Printing venture, T. Lovell & Co.’s “ cheap,” 21 Prison printing-offices, 21, 49 Printsellers’ Association, the, 1 1 5 Prior, M., pictorial lecture by, 126 Proctor, R. A., portrait of, 55 “Progress and Poverty,” vicissitudes of MS., 289 Dec. 15, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. Vll Provincial Newspaper Society, 152 Public ledger paper-mills, America, 184 Publications in blue ink, 130 Publishers : rights and responsibilities of, 7, 39 ; risks of, 6 ; warning to, 151 Punch: John Tenniel’s connexion with, 260; Mr. Ruskin on the engravings in, 299 Purple: pigments, 140 ; postage-stamps, 15 Pusey, Dr., printing-plant of, 30 QUAKERS: number of, 44; periodical press of, 44 Quantin, A. : handbook for apprentices by, 266 ; honour on, 266 ; on sharing profits, 290 Quarcentenary : of Martin Luther, 224 ; of print¬ ing in Sweden, 163 Quaritch, Mr. : at the Beckford sale, 161, 296; at the Sunderland sale, 55, 84 ; on bookbinding, 284; catalogue illustrating bookbinding, 135; dinner sale, 284; MS. “Life of Christ” pur¬ chased by, 181 ; names of printers of Welsh books by, 73; purchase of the English Penta¬ teuch, 308 Queensland, pioneer printer of, 48 RAGS : infectious, 57, 58, 87, 194 ; impor¬ tation of, 194 Railway : bookstalls, France, 156 ; news-stands, New York, 155; paper rails, 184 Ramsden, Alderman, Mayor of Plalifax, 271 Rand & Avery’s, Boston, strike at, 154 Reade, C., house for sale, 180 Reed, Sir C., memoir of, 254 Red pigments, 66, 277 Reform, new printing journal, 21 Reid, Capt. Mayne, circulation of his novels, 309 Reid, G. W., British Museum, resignation of, 161 Religious Tract Society, trade managers, 105 Reporters, Parliamentary, accommodation for, 195 Reporting-machine, a, 19 Reprint of “ Oliver Twist,” cheap, 213 Reunions, social, 14, 44, 73, 86, 100, 212, 214 Revenue from the London Gazette, &c., 226 Richardson, S., criticism on works of, 126 Ripon, Dean, on the newspaper press, 43 Robinson, Messrs., calendars, &c., 139 Roller-composition: English, in Austria, 217; Tabberner’s, 125 Rome, printing trade in, 185 Rotary Jobbing Machine, patent, 180 Round, J. H., on the library at Colchester Castle, 235 Roxburghe Club, The, 212 Royal Literary Fund, 100 Rules, new, Supreme Court, 191 Ruskin, Mr. : criticisms on his own work, 45 ; on wood-engraving, 299 Russia : centenary of free printing, 104; centenary of the first printer, 248 ; English Press at coronation, 181 ; newspaper censorship in, 156 ; the Press in, 156 ST. BRIDE’S Institute for Youths, 59, 213 St. Giles’s Printing Co., Edinburgh, Christ¬ mas cards by, 193 St. Paul’s, printers at, 150, 237 Samuel & Co., pearl inlay Christmas cards, by, 274 Sandwich-men, 287 Saunders, E., stationer, will of, 246 Savage Club, Prince of Wales at, 73 Saxony, King of, visit to a printing-office, 104 Schoepflin, J. D., works of, 11 School Board, Edinburgh, supply of books by, 45 School Board, London : book supplies, 45, 58 ; extravagance, no; printing, 223, 247, 286; store department, 248, 296 School Board, Manchester, store department, 152 School inspectors, instructions as to books, 227 School of Technical Art, South London, 84 Scissors and paste, a word in favour, 48 Scoring and cutting paper, machine for, 48 Scotland: Free Church publications, 180; printing, &c., statistics, 248 Self, Mr., testimonial to, 93 Senefelder, A., biographical notice of, 62 “ Sette of Odd Volumes” Club, 55 Shading mediums, Day’s, 171, 199 Shipton, W. E., at the Printers’ Almshouses, 179 Shorthand, 70; Anderson’s History of, 123; German systems, 130; Guest’s, 124; Pitman’s library, 213, 307 Shorthand Magazine, 74, 99 Shorthand Society, the, 16, 71,99, 124, 151,285, 310 Shorthand Writers’ Association, 43, 71, 100, 124, 150, 213, 285 Shorthand Writers’ Association, Belfast, 16 Shorthand Writers’ Association, Phonetic, 43, 71 . IS° Sick-fund, L., C., & D. Railway printing-office, 42 Silverlock, Messrs., annual dinner, 214 Simpson, W. , biographical notice of, 12 1 Sixpence, the magic, 45 Slang, printers’, 287 Small-pox in paper-mills, 87 Smoke nuisance, 261, 264 Society of Arts, revenue, 161 Song, typographical, 237 Sorbonne, Paris, enlargement of, 164 Sotheby, Wilkinson, & Hodge, see “Bibliography of Printing ” Sotheran & Co., change of firm, 186 South Australian Typographical Society, 77 Southward, J. : on technical literature and free libraries, 250 ; works of, 207 Spicer, W. G., marriage of, 180 “ Spinner” script, 129 Spiritualism, illustrated literature of, 20 Sportsman, the, new offices for, 50 Spottiswoode Choral Society, 150 Spottiswoode, W. : apprentices of, transferred, 271 ; biographical notice of, 231 ; death of, 189; illness of, 135; memoir of, 168; monu¬ ment to, 223 ; printers’ pension in memory of, 223, 271, 295; will of, 246 Sprague, W. W., engraver, will of, 134 Spurgeon, Mr., a popular author, 262 Stamps, spoiled, 56 Stanley, Dean, handwriting of, 285 Star Chamber, the, 257 Statham, PI. H., editor of the Builder, 273 Stationers’ Co., 212; apprentices, 271; and the Commission of Inquiry, 1 ; dinner, 109 ; gift to Printers’ Pension, 98 ; John Norton’s bene¬ factions, 30 ; new members of, 30, 59, 109 Stationers’ Co. School : Old Boys’ Club, 72 ; scholarships and prizes, 55, 213 Stationery Office : clerkships in, 135; estimates, 85 ; quality of goods, 226 ; revenue from, 226; tenders, 247 Stationery trade, 7, 31, 60, 87, 113, 139, 165, 195, 228, 252, 275, 298 Stephens, Robert, pedigree of, 279 Stereotype stories for local newspapers, 46 Stones, lithographic : substitute for, 275 ; Stuart’s grano-lithic, 285 Stove-screens, artistic, 44, 274 Strain & Son’s gelatine sheets, 249 Strassburg, and the invention of printing, 301 Strawberry Hill: press, 301 ; purchase of, 212 Strikes, 5, 31, 87, 104,' 128, 130, 154, 185, 295, 312 Subscribers, how to stimulate, 130 Suicide of a machine-minder, 261 Summary: cheap editions of the Times, 161, 217 ; objections to the, 224 Sunday newspapers : Glasgow Synod, 273, 274 ; Londonderry zealots, 83 j Sunderland library, sale of, 45, 84 Sweden, quarcentenary of printing in, 163 Swedenborg and Paternoster-row, 237 Swindle, a “ literary employment,” 127 Swiss bank-notes, report of commission on, 5 Sydney : compositors’ wages, 241 ; printing trades in, 31 1; Punch, 128 TARIFF on printing, &c., American, 84, 136 Tasmanian Typographical Society, Hobart Town, 216 Taylor, Bros., Leeds, borders, &c., by, 193 “Teacher’s Prayer-book,” royal patronage, 73 Technical education for printers : Leipsic, 266 ; Manchester, 247 ; Vienna, 266 Technical terms, printing machinery, see “ Ma¬ chinery ” Technological examinations, 192, 213 Telegram charges, reduced, 180 Telegrams : “Central News,” 275 ; divulged, 194 Telegraphy and journalism, 263 Tenders for printing, stationery, &c., 22, 55, 99, , , i°9, 125, 135. 247 Tenniel, John, and Punch, 260 Tennyson, change of publishers, 261 “The,” use of the article, 251 Theft: by a clerk, 288; by a compositor, 182; see also “ Dishonesty ” Thorns in an editor’s chair, 127 Thrashing an editor, 75 Times: curiosities in the, 4; errors in, 86, 248 ; on Eugene Plon, 5 ; explosion at office, 83 ; swimming club, 284 Tipping, J., presentation to, 310 Title pages, remarks on, 276 Titles of books, copyright in, 272 Toovey, A. (Messrs. Longman’s), retirement of, 284 Topics of the Month, i, 27, 55, 83, 109, 135, 161, 191, 223, 247, 271, 295 Tournaments, compositors’, 21 Town Talk, seizure of, 48 Townsley library, the, 150 Trade announcements, index to, 26, 54, 82, 108, 134, 160, 190, 222, 246, 270, 294, 316 Trade changes, see “ Changes ” Trade, state of, see “ Topics of the Month ” Trade-labels, exhibition of Royal Arms on, 238 Trade-marks Act, 227, 249 Trade-union official, fraudulent, 104 Treason, a journalist convicted of, 185 Trollope, A. : career of, 263 ; value of his novels, 283 ; will of, 54 Truscott, Sir F., presentation to, 45 ; master of the Haberdashers’ Co., 307 Truth : libel by, 1 10 ; new premises for, 251 Tuck & Sons : Christmas cards, 150, 271, 298 ; novelties by, 29, 249 ; “ Painting-books for Boys and Girls,” 86 ; at the Printing Exhibi¬ tion, 203 ; repudiation of undersellers, 271 Turkey, book-production in, 130 Tweed, J., publisher, thanked by the Queen, 261 Type-composing machine, Winder’s, 204 Type-founders : American, F. Ullmer the agent for, 125; sanitary precautions for, 185 Type-founding, improvements, 305 Type-writer: “Hall’s” new, 35, 81, 200; manual for the, 70 Type- writing, aligner for, 20 Types, wooden, legend of, 141 Typographical Association, the, 87> 25r Typographical societies, 49, 72, 73, 77, 87, 102, 183, 216, 238, 240, 263, 251, 265 Typographical Society, Lancashire branches, 240 Typography, fine specimen of, 290 ALENTINES, artistic and humorous, 3, 29, 29S Valentine’s Day, St., 74 Varnish, use of, in printing-ink, 300 Vellum-binders, &c., Pension Society, 71 Vellum-binding, & c., Government contracts, 296 Veneers for book-covers, 4 Veteran printers, 46, 310 Victoria : Government printing-office, 76, 264 ; Masonic Journal, 31 1 ; newspaper postage and printers in, 288 ; printers elected M.P., 129 tariff on printing material, 77 Vienna : exhibition of graphic arts, 86, 2 66 ; history of printing in, 290 ; strike of com¬ positors, 5, 31 ; strike of type-founders, 5, 104 Vinne, Theodore L. de, biographical sketch of, 116 Vlll THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER [Dec. 15, 1883. WAGES: advance in America, 184; at Birmingham and Cardiff, 191 ; in lieu of notice, 19 ; in Melbourne, 102, 216, 265 ; in Ohio, 78 ; in Paris, 50; in Sydney, 241 Waldow, Ilerr, Leipsic, materials supplied by, 156 Walford, C., on early laws concerning books, 250 Wallord’s “ Peerage,” &c., new publishers, 212 Walker, R. ( Daily Telegraph ), presentation to, 3D Ward & Co. : new company, limited, 291 ; new pattern book, 112 ; reward-cards, 86 Water, dearth of, in American paper-mills, 103 Waterlow, H. J., Alderman, and the Stationers’ Co., 1 Waterlow, Sir S. IT. : in Chicago, 261 ; resig¬ nation of, 238 ; voyage round the world by, 191 Waterlow & Sons’ printing-houses, 1S1 Water-marking, Marshall’s, 30 Water-power and paper-mills, 237 Waterson & Son’s price-list, 285 Watson, Kampe, & Co., machines by, 42 Weed, Thurlow, autobiography of, 265 Westminster town-hall, memorial window to Caxton, 191 LIST Alauzet, Pierre, portrait of, 13 Block Books, facsimile pages from, 174, 175 Buisson, Du, label of, 89 Coats of Arms, Printers’, &c., 65, 210, 21 1 Day’s Patent Shading Mediums, apparatus for, 172 Derome, label of, 89 Devices of early printers, 12, 36, 37, 88, 95, 120, 144, 145, 174, 232, 257, 302 Douceur, Louis, label of, 89 Engraving : Japanese, 93 ; in Louis XVI, style, 231 Facsimiles from Sotheby’s “Principia Typo- graphica,” 174, 175 Whitaker’s Almanack, new premises, 251 White pigments, 255 Wilke, A. W., will of, 189 Willing, Messrs., refusal to post objectionable bills, 272 Wills, 54, 107, 108, 134, 160, 1S9, 221, 245, 293 Wimble & Co., Melbourne: change of paitners, 128, 216; new premises, 154 Window, Caxton’s : in St. Margaret’s Church, in¬ scription by Tennyson, 150 ; in Westminster Town Hall, 191 Wolseley, Gen., and the newspaper press, 109 Women : as editors, 101 ; employment in chromo¬ lithography, 99; engravers, 241; and the graphic arts, 120, 241 ; journalists, 217, 306; society for providing work for, 308 Woodbury process, improvement of, 196 Woodbury, W., illness of, 66 Wood-engravers : French, 1 6th century, 122 ; women, 241 Wood-engraving : history of, 166 ; Mr. Ruskin on, 299 Wooden types, legend of, 141 Working Men’s Parliament, 251 Workman’s offence, condonation of, 19 World , libel by, 59, no OF ILLUSTRA Japanese Drawings and Engravings on Wood, 93 Roster : house at Haarlem, 38 ; medals in honour of, 38 ; statue in garden, Haarlem, 39 Lithographers’ Coat of Arms, 65 Machine for grinding lithographic inks and colours, 230 Ornament of the Louis XVI. style, 231 Perforating attachment for cylinder presses, 282 Printers’ Coats of Arms, examples of, 210, 21 1 Ramier, P., device of, 88 Secer, J., device of, 37 Schumann, V., device of, 36 Wrappers, cheap postal, 30 Writing: brief longhand, 70; in sleep, 98; without hands or feet, 152 Wyatt, J., print collection of, 74 Wylie, Col. D., Canada, retirement of, 288 Wyman, C. W. IL, illness of, 83 Wyman, E. F., withdrawal from the Council of Printers’ Pension, 125 Wyman & Sons : at the Printing Exhibition, 204 ; “Technical Series,” 86, 126, 205 Wyner, J. C., will of, 160 Yellow pigments, 32, 277 Yeoman, J. C., London Society of Com¬ positors, death of, 26 York, New, see “ New York ” Yorkshire Union of Mechanics’ Institutes, — com¬ petitions for printers, 41 Youths, Institute for, 59, 213 ZEALAND, New, statistics of books, postage, &c., 128; see also “Jottings, Colonial” Zinc oxide, a water-colour pigment, 256 Zinc plate blocks, 189 Zinc, thin, use of for preserving drawings, 108 Zinc white, in colour printing, 256 IONS. Schwetschke, C. G., portrait of, 36 Scolar, J., device of, 37 Schott, Martin, device of, 12 Senefelder, A., photo-filigraneof, face ; portrait of, 62 Short, P., device of, 95 Silvius, G., devices of, 120 Singleton, Hugh, device of, 144 Snellaert, Christian, emblem of, 145 Soter, Johann, device of, 174 Spottiswoode, W. , portrait of, 169 Stadelberger, Jacob, device of, 232 Steelsius, J., device of, 257 Stephens, Robert, bust of, 279 Strawberry Hill, view of the villa, 302 Sutton, Henry, device of, 302 Tessier, label of, 89 Type-writer, Hall’s, diagrams of, 35 Vjnne (De), Theodore B.j portrait of, 117 Vol. IX.— No. q7. New Series. JANUARY i5) 1883. rV0L. XIV.— No. 151. L Old Series. &opke of t§t (T)tonf0. . u CH disappointment has been felt at the j result of the general trade of the country during the past year ; yet it is satisfactory I to find that there have been, after all, fewer bankruptcies than in the preceding twelvemonth. So far as is at present ascertainable, there have been 10,553 failures in England, 1,397 in Scotland, «i^suiu — , v3 and 1 7 1 in Ireland, or a total of 12,121 for the United Kingdom, as compared with 12,971 in 1881, thus showing a reduction of 850. Those connected with the Paper and Printing trades numbered 199, or thirty-six less than in the preceding year. With a few unimportant exceptions, the names of these 199 traders have been recorded monthly by us. 4* 4* 4* Bills of Sale were registered last year to the number of 42,955, which shows a falling-off of 10,927 upon the correspond¬ ing figure for 1881. The traders in which our readers are interested are represented in the above total to the number of 490. This of course only includes bona-fide traders ; were we to add the bills of sale given by operative printers, &c., that figure would probably be nearly doubled. 4* *i* 4* Under the Limited Liability Acts there were registered last year 1,471 new companies, whose nominal capital represented the enormous sum of ^2x6,561,926 ! So far as the Paper and Printing industries are concerned, we have recorded in these columns duringthepasttwelvemonth the floating of sixty-onesuch ventures, including the six reported in another column, all of which were organised last year. This total shows an increase of four upon the preceding twelvemonth. The nominal capital repre¬ sents a sum of ;£ 1,472,000, as compared with ^1,545,500 in 1881. Twenty-seven Companies connected with the Printing and cognate trades have been wound up, or six more than last year. 4* 4* 4* With General Lord Wolseley in the chair, the next anniver¬ sary Festival of the Newspaper Press Fund should prove successful and be the means of adding considerably to the resources of that deserving Charity. 4* 4* 4* The first “Printers’ New-Year’s Collection,” announced in our December issue, is to take place on the eve of our going to press ; we are, therefore, unable to state the result this month. We trust that through the exertions of the Trade a substantial amountmaybe realised for thefunds of the Printers’ Corporation. In 1878 we drew attention to the establishment of a Benefac¬ tion Fund by Messrs. Cassell, Petter, Galpin, & Co., the chief object of which was to make some provision for the relatives of those who might die while in their service or become otherwise incapacitated for work. Since the formation of this fund (which is not supplemented or contributed to by the employes) upwards of ^600 have been paid to aged persons, widows, or other relatives, in sums varying from ^5 to £60. In addition to this, about £ 200 have been expended in contri¬ butions to help persons in exceptionally protracted cases of illness or other misfortune. It is very gratifying to record such instances of judicious benevolence on the part of prosperous employers. 4* 4* 4* According to ancient custom, any member of the Livery of the Stationers’ Company who is elected Alderman can claim to enter the Court. Mr. H. J. Waterlow, the lately-elected Alderman for Queenhithe Ward, has availed himself of this provision, and has joined the Court of the Stationers’ Com¬ pany. 4* 4* 4* Probably the first privately-printed pack of playing-cards was that presented to each of the livery and guests at a recent banquet of the “ Playing-Card Makers’ Company.” The idea and the execution are to be ascribed to Mr. George Clulow, of the firm of Charles Goodall & Son, who is a member of the Company. The centre of the design comprises the arms of the “ Playing-Card Makers ” with supporters, and at the corners are given representations of the Knave of Clubs of the sixteenth seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries respectively during which period this Company has existed. Mr. Clulow’s little surprise formed an agreeable incident on the occasion alluded to, which was honoured with the presence of the Lord Mayor and other important guests. 4* 4* 4* Both the Stationers’ and the Playing-Card Makers’ Com¬ panies have appointed representatives of their several bodies to wait upon the Commission appointed two years ago to inquire into the City Guilds. The object in view is to refute alleged misstatements made by witnesses heard before the Commis¬ sioners. Apropos of this, it is worth recalling that on the occa¬ sion of a previous Commission of Inquiry, nearly half a century ago, the Stationers’ Company returned no answer to the circular of queries addressed to them. In reply to further applications, the Clerk of the Company stated that the Guild was a trading corporation, and that its trade affairs, under the name of B 2 THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Jan. 15, 1883. “ English Stock,” were kept distinct from the other business of the company. Usually a member was from thirty to forty years a Liveryman before he came on the Court. The number of Assistants was unlimited. Each member attending Court received a guinea: It was further mentioned that the duty of entering books at Stationers’ Hall was considered a burden upon the company, and that the care of books under the Copy¬ right Act occasioned the Guild expense and inconvenience. From a member of the Court of Assistants it was subsequently elicited that the profit on all the shares of the “ English Stock ” had usually been twelve-and-a-half per cent. The evidence given before the present Commission by those representing the Stationers’ Company will be interesting. ♦ “ Literary Ghosts ” is the title of an interesting article in No. 31 of Caslon's Circular. It is written by Mr. William Blades, and was inspired by the publication of Mr. Hessels’ “ Gutenberg,” which we had the honour of first publishing in these pages. Touching the origin of printing, Mr. BLADES boldly says : “ Printing never was invented, , and in truth no one can be said to have done more than help forward, towards ultimate success, the imperfect art already existing.” We quite concur with Mr. Blades in the opinion that this is the only safe and philosophical view to take of the matter. ❖ *5* Half-a-century will have elapsed on the 17th inst. since the death of FRIEDRICH Konig, the inventor of the Steam Press — an invention only second in importance to that of the art of Printing itself. Everything that helps to throw light upon the history of the invention cannot fail to interest printers. We therefore reproduce the preliminary agreement entered upon by Konig and Thomas Bensley, the eminent printer of Bolt-court, who was his partner in the new enterprise. We are indebted for this document to Herr Theodor Goebel, of Stutt¬ gart, who is writing a complete Life of Konig, a work that will extend to about thirty-five sheets quarto, and will probably be completed towards the end of next month. The history of the invention of the steam press has never yet been told with that completeness which the subject deserves, and the task of telling it could certainly not have been undertaken by one better qualified to do justice to it than Herr Goebel. The document appended, of which the original still exists in Bensley’s hand¬ writing, bears a sixteen-shilling stamp. It is as follows : — 6, Frith-street, Soho, March 31, 1807. Mr. Konig, having discovered an entire new method of printing by machinery, agrees to communicate the same to Mr. Bensley under the following conditions : — That, if Mr. Bensley shall be satisfied the invention will answer all the purposes Mr. Konig has stated in the particulars he has delivered to Mr. Bensley, signed with his name, he shall enter into a legal engagement to purchase the secret from Mr. Konig ; or enter into such other agreement as may be deemed mutually beneficial to both parties ; — or, should Mr. Bensley wish to decline having any concern with the said invention, then he engages not to make any use of any part of the machinery, or communicate the secret to any person whatsoever, until it is proved that the invention is made use of by any one without restriction of patent, or other particular agreement on the part of Mr. Konig, under the penalty of £ 6,000 . Witness, T. Bensley. J. Hunneman. Friedrich Konig. •{••{• *J* Konig did not live to enjoy the fruit of his toil and anxiety. After his return to Germany, he established himself at Oberzell, near Wiirtzburg, in Bavaria, being joined by his friend and former fellow-workman, Bauer. The introduction of their ma¬ chines was very up-hill work. On the one hand was the con¬ servative indifference of the master-printers, and on the other the open hostility of the pressmen, who leagued themselves together to destroy the machines. By the year 1829, the firm had sold fifty-one printing-machines to the leading master- printers of Germany. As to the character of the man whose invention has revolutionised the whole printing trade, we may quote the following words as a fitting tribute to his memory at this fiftieth anniversary of his death. They were penned by John Walter the Second, and appeared in the Times on the 3rd of December, 1824, at the end of an article in vindication of the claims of Konig as the originator of the Steam Press : — We cannot close this account without giving our testimony, not only to the enlightened mind and ardent spirit of Mr. Konig, but also to his strict honour and integrity. Our intercourse with him was constant during the very critical and trying period when he was bringing his invention into practice at our office, so that we had no slight knowledge of his manners and character; and the consequence has been sincere friendship and high regard for him ever since. 4* *5* 4* Again and again have we urged in these pages the desira¬ bility of concerted action among the master-printers of London, and we are disposed to welcome the attempt on the part of the London Chamber of Commerce to form a Printing Trades’ Section. A preliminary meeting of members of the Trade was held on the 20th ult., under the presidency of Mr. R. K. Causton, M.P. Amongst those present were Mr. John Evans, D.C.L., F.R.S. (John Dickinson & Co.), Mr. W. H. Ward (Marcus Ward & Co.), Mr. J. M. Goodall (Charles Goodall & Son), Mr. Andrew H. Reed (Sir Charles Reed & Sons), Mr. R. M. Gill (Miller & Richard), Mr. A. W. Letts (Charles Letts & Co.), Mr. John Templeton, F.R.G.S., Mr. W. W. Sprague, Mr. James Figgins, jun., Mr. W. A. Pope, Mr. A. Collins (Day & Collins), Mr. F. C. Matthieson, Mr. E. C. Bedell, Mr. W. Hazell (Hazell, Watson, & Viney), Mr. Edward Unwin (Unwin Brothers), Mr. A. Gurney Smith, and Mr. K. B. Murray, the secretary of the Chamber. There was a unanimity of opinion as to the expediency of the proposal, and the following resolution was adopted : — That a Committee be formed, consisting of from two to six members of the following trades, with power to add to their number to the limit of 30 ; — Printers, paper-makers and stationers, publishers and newspaper proprietors, type-founders, ink-manufacturers, and machinery-manufac¬ turers. A Sub-Committee was formed at the same time to discuss and report upon the nominations to the above Committee. While we hail with satisfaction the formation of a Printing Trades’ Auxiliary to the London Chamber of Commerce as likely to prove, useful where broad issues such as affect all the branches of the trade are in question, we nevertheless think that a composite body like the committee of thirty is not likely to be able to deal in an efficient manner with many points of great importance to printers. A representative body of experienced London master-printers, such as formed the Committee of the late Master-Printers’ Association, is required to be organised in order to effect the amelioration of certain evils in the Printing business which undue competition has produced. •J* *t* Among the leading branches of industry carried on within the boundaries of the City proper are the Paper and Printing trades, and it is therefore but right that they should be fairly represented on the local governing body. It is satisfactory to know that of the 206 gentlemen constitutingthe Common Council no less than eighteen belong to one or other of the branches of industry in which our readers are immediately interested. The annual elections came off as usual on the 21st ult., and resulted in the return of the following members of the Trade : — Mr. J. W. Goodinge, F.R.G.S., printer and stationer, of 18, Aldersgate- street, for Aldersgate Ward ; Mr. P. Morrison, wholesale stationer, of 96, Leadenhall-street, for Aldgate Ward ; Mr. H. Mead, stationer, of 189 and 190, Bishopsgate-street Without, for Bishopsgate Ward ; Mr. E. J. Stoneham, bookseller, for Cheap Ward ; Mr. C. Grimwade, wholesale stationer, of 69, Queen Victoria-street, and Mr. J. Jones, card-manufacturer, of 49 and 50, Watling-street, for Cordwainer Ward ; Mr. A. J. Waterlow, J.P., printer and stationer, of 24 and 25, Birchin- lane, and Mr. J. Wyld, map-publisher, of 2, Royal Exchange- buildings, for Cornhill Ward ; Mr. G. W. Truscott, printer and stationer, of Suffolk-lane, Cannon-street, for Dowgate Ward ; Mr. J. Judd, printer, of 4-6, St. Andrew’s-hill, and Mr. J. S. Tomkins, secretary of the Charing-cross Publishing Company, 5, Friar-street, for Farringdon Within Ward ; Mr. H. B. Marshall, F.R.G.S., publisher, of 123-125, Fleet-street, and Mr. G. H. Mason, ink-manufacturer, of 1-4, Poppin’s-court, Fleet- street, for Farringdon Without Ward ; Mr. C. J. Todd, ink- manufacturer, of 18, Bread-street-hill, Mr. G. R. Tyler, wholesale stationer, of 17, Queenhithe, and Mr. J. Wick, wholesale stationer, of 18, Queenhithe, for Queenhithe Ward ; Mr. F. Green, wholesale stationer, of 193, Upper Thames- street, and Mr. W. C. Simmons, wholesale stationer, of 68, Upper Thames-street, for Vintry Ward. In addition to the above, the civic administration comprises three Aldermen whose names are well known in connexion with the Paper and Printing Jan. 15, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 3 trades, viz., Sir Sydney H. Waterlow, M.P., Sir F. W. Truscott, and Mr. H. J. Waterlow. 4> 41 4- “Familiar in our mouths as household words” has been the name of Galignani, the last survivor of which family passed away last month, as mentioned in our Obituary column. Theirs was indeed a remarkable career. The father was an Italian who settled originally in London, where William Galignani, just deceased, was born on March 10, 1798. He and his brother, j. A. Galignani (who died in December, 1873), became well known as the proprietors of the English daily paper, GalignanVs Messenger , printed and published in Paris. The father opened an English publishing-house in the French capital in the first year of the present century, and established in 1808 a monthly review under the title of Repertory of English Literature , Arts, and Science. The Messenger was started in 1814, and W. Jerdan, of Literary Gazette fame, men¬ tions in his Autobiography that he was consulted upon the project by Galignani. The father died in 1821, when the man¬ agement of the paper fell to the two sons, who spared no pains to extend its influence. Their efforts were ever directed to maintain the entente cor diale between England and France. They were the recipients of honours from both countries. On the part of France, they were decorated with the Legion of Honour ; while the English Government presented to them in 1866, through Lord Cowley, the English Ambassador at Paris, a magnificent silver dpergne bearing an inscription to the effect that it was given to Messrs. Galignani in recognition of their constant efforts to promote benevolent objects in favour of British subjects, and more especially for their munificence in erecting and supporting at their private expense a hospital in Paris for the use of distressed Englishmen. 4* 4* 4* True to the generous instincts which had actuated the brothers through life is the disposal of some of the wealth accumulated by the lately-deceased last member of the family. He has bequeathed ,£4,800 to the Hospital, and a similar sum to the Orphanage, of Corbeil, where he resided. Moreover, having made his fortune in a library and printing-office, he has bequeathed 7,000 metres of land in the Boulevard Bineau, together with Rentes to the amount of £2,800, and two houses in Paris, of which the rents exceeded £4,000 annually, for the establishment of a home for decayed printers, booksellers, and men of letters. This building is to be constructed to accom¬ modate one hundred persons, fifty of whom will pay an annual fee of 5 oof., while the remaining fifty will be maintained free of cost, viz., 10 printers or booksellers, 20 savants, and 20 men of letters or artists ; or widows or daughters of such persons. The appointments will be made by societies representing the different classes, one condition being that the candidates must not be under 60 years of age. These several acts of benevolence worthily close a career that was marked by a spirit of generosity and of kindly interest in the distressed, 4" 4* 4* Mr. J. Avent, the worthy Warden of the Printers’ Alms¬ houses, Wood Green, writes to us to the following effect : — Dec. 22, 1882. On Sunday, December 17, the Chairman, Treasurer, Secretary, and several of the gentlemen connected with the North London Auxiliary held at . the ‘ 1 Clerkenwell ” Tavern, Exmouth-street, Farringdon-road, made a special visit to the Printers’ Almshouses, Wood Green. The gentlemen, with the Warden, called on the inmates, and they gave to the two married couples 24s. each, to four widowers 14s. each, to six widows 18s. each, and to twelve widows 14s. each ; total £19. The gentlemen on leaving expressed themselves much pleased with their visit, and the inmates were truly very thankful to the gentlemen and to their kind friends for their Christmas presents. I am pleased to tell you that on Wednesday, Dec. 20, G. H. Mason, Esq., ink-maker, of Poppin’s-court, Fleet-street, sent 24 cans of tea to the inmates, with which they were much pleased and received with many thanks. Miss Churton, of 81, Upper Tollington-park, also sent a few presents to some of the inmates, which were thankfully received. Our aged friends at Wood Green may be congratulated upon the fact that their old friends do not forget them, as well as upon being so considerately cared for by the Official Visitor and his wife, whose good works in this connexion transcend all praise. 4* 4* 4* Nearly every month we are invited to admire some “novelty” or other in the art of Lithography, which upon investigation turns out to be no novelty at all, but merely an adaptation of some well-known, though perhaps little-practised, method. Recently our attention was drawn to a letter in a Manchester paper, in which a correspondent thus writes : — But for the difficulty of reproducing charcoal drawings by wood-engraving (though the tour de force has been tried by some of the American engravers for the Century), such drawings as those of Mr. George Sheffield would no doubt before this have been made accessible to the million. Mr. Joseph Shackleton, of Princess-street, a lithographic artist almost unknown outside the engraver’s office, lias discovered an application of the lithographic process by which Mr. Sheffield’s work can be so faithfully copied that it is difficult to distinguish the copy from the original. Messrs. Abel Heywood & Son, of Oldham-street, are in possession of a number of Mr. Sheffield’s pictures, of a size suitable for a portfolio ; and Mr. Heywood, jun., hinted to Mr. Shackleton that it would be a good thing if, by some process or other, they could be reproduced at a cheap rate. Mr. Shackleton at once undertook the work, and the result has been the copying of four drawings of “Winter.” The set was exhibited at the recent conversazione of the Literary Club, and the drawings were much admired and discussed by artist-members and visitors. Mr. Shackleton has, perhaps, some right to demur to the allusion to his want of popular fame ; at all events he is very well known as a capable lithographic artist. It is no disparagement of his work, however, to say that the reproductions in question are simply examples of ordinary — we had almost written chromo-lithography, but they are in monochrome, though executed in four printings, viz., — a black, a grey approaching black, a very light grey, and a tint to imitate the colour of the crayon paper. The chief work is in the dark grey, and has been drawn upon stipple-grained paper. The result is very good ; but we feel sure that Mr. Shackleton would lay no claim to any discovery in thus happily availing himself of four print¬ ings to achieve an effect which could not have been otherwise produced. The same idea was years ago wrought out with admirable results in some of the double-tinted work of the famous Louis Haghe, produced at Day & Sons’ establish¬ ment. 4* 4* 4* Lithography in the Far West of America is well repre¬ sented by the Compton Lithograph Company of St. Louis, who send us(samples of their work in show-cards, ball-tickets, and programmes. The work is really first-class as applied to ordinary commercial productions, and would do credit to any house at home or abroad. The two show-cards sent us are devoted to the subject of Beer, but the treatment is highly artistic and the colouring harmonious and brilliant. A pro¬ gramme of the “ Veiled Prophet’s ” Ball is a very elaborate affair, in the form of a broad dagger with real metal handle and sheath, to hang at the lady’s side : the broad blade is made to open, and contains a list of dances and a place for engagements, a pencil with which to enter them being attached. All the work is very well executed, and reflects great credit alike upon artists and lithographers ; it also speaks eloquently of the tact and ingenuity which can throw this good work into fresh forms and novel combinations that are suitable while they are original. 4* 4* 4> The British Journal of Photography 'of December 22 contains a very excellent sample of Sprague & Co.’s “ Ink- Photo” process, from a photograph by Mr. Henry Stevens, There is a wonderful depth and delicacy about it, and it shows that the process is decidedly capable of very extensive appli¬ cation. Messrs. Sprague are willing to undertake trade work, but will not supply stones for other printers. They have decided to keep the printing in their own hands, to prevent the process getting a bad reputation by indifferent press-work. The method is not patented, but is kept secret. 4* 4* 4* Messrs. S. Hildesheimer & Co., having realised the great convenience of an Illustrated Catalogue, — especially to many in the Trade throughout the United Kingdom and the Colonies, who never have an opportunity of inspecting their complete sample-books, — have just published a Catalogue of their new Valentines, Easter, Wedding, and Birthday Cards for the use of the Trade in general. At the same time, they wish it to be distinctly understood that they supply none but bona-fide wholesale dealers and shippers. The miniature illustrations give a sufficiently accurate idea of the nature of the designs. The whole of the chromo cards are produced by W. Hagelberg, whose name is a sufficient guarantee for ex¬ cellence of printing. Five sets of designs, which gained prizes B 2 4 THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Jan. is, 1883, at the Exhibition in July, 1881, are now published for the first time. A new series of etchings (Views in North Wales), by Wilfrid W. Ball, F.S.P.E., has been added to the collection. •F *F *F Wood Book-covers have of late come again into favour. We may therefore opportunely direct attention to some veneers for that purpose which have lately been brought under our notice. They are of the thinness of paper, inlaid in the style of marquetry, with suitable geometrical designs. In size they vary from a twelvemo to a quarto, and they are made of mahogany, walnut, oak, &c. Some charming effects can be obtained by their employment, and being moderate in price they deserve to come into general use. Mr. M. WlLMERS- DoRFFER, of 72, Finsbury-pavement, is the English agent for these veneers, which are of German manufacture. •F «F *F Mr. Charles Reade’s publisher, Mr. Andrew Chatto, has prevailed upon him to consent to the republication of the numerous contributions in the periodical press which this vigorous writer has addressed to the British public in his own name on various occasions. The range of subjects is wide, for we have an admirable dissertation on “ Cremona Fiddles,” as well as discussions about the Tichborne trial, the administra¬ tion of criminal law, and a host of different matters, in addition to Mr. Reade’s characteristic and striking letters on “ the Rights and Wrongs of Authors,” and on Copyright and Libel. He who has gone through the pages of “ Readiana : Comments on Current Events,” and will refer to the excellent steel portrait of the author which is prefixed, will not fail to realise a very accurate idea of the mind and person of one of the most nervous and effective writers of our time. •F *F *F An announcement has lately appeared in the daily papers of the proposed beatification and canonisation of Sir Thomas More, Lord Chancellor of England in the days of Flenry VIII. This reminds us of a fact which is, perhaps, not generally known, i.e., the reference to the art of Printing which occurs in his “ Utopia ; or the Happy Republic.” The point is of more than ordinary interest when it is remembered that this curious philosophic romance was first published in 1516, or within thirty-nine years of the introduction of printing into this country by Caxton. Sir Thomas More’s work was written in Latin, and was translated into English first by Raphe Robynson, a London goldsmith, and subsequently by Bishop Burnet. The following is the reference to which we have alluded, as given in the Bishop’s translation: — “Two things they [the Utopians] owe to us, which are the art of printing and the manufacture of paper : yet they do not owe these so entirely to us but that a great part of the invention was their own ; for after we had showed them some paper books of Aldus’s impression, and began to explain to them the way of making paper, and of printing, though we spake but very crudely of both these, not being practised in either of them, they presently took up the whole matter from the hints that we gave them ; and whereas before they only writ on parchment, or on the barks of trees or reeds, they have now set up the manufacture of paper and printing-presses.” Sir Thomas More evidently realised three centuries and a half ago that no ideal commonwealth would be perfect unless the arts and mysteries of Printing and Paper¬ making were carried on within its borders. •F *F -F “Untearable” Enamel Cards are a recent introduction that will be appreciated by many persons. The beauty of the face is in no way interfered with, as the tough lining is not woven but is a felted cotton of very fine texture. - The idea of “ Floral Outlines ” on gelatine for colouring by hand in the manner of the popular cards is good and ought to have almost as much patronage as the now almost defunct “ Floral Outlines for Illuminating.” - We have rarely seen a coloured photograph that was not a photograph spoiled, but we know it is a thing admired by many. The Artistic Stationery Company, who introduce to us the two previous novelties among many others, publish four series of tinted photos, which are very good samples of this kind of work. They comprise old English castles, old trees, country lanes, and old inns. •F *F *F “ Times Past and Future,” reads the legend on the column-heading of the Times , and the good typos of Printing- house-square took a marvellous leap into the future on the 4th ult., when they told us of the twenty-fifth (sic) century works included in the second portion of the Beckford Library, then being sold by auction by Messrs. Sotheby. Apropos of the “ Thunderer,” we may mention that an advertisement announc¬ ing the birth of a child in a clergyman’s family was sent in the other day for publication. At the end occurred this extra¬ ordinary phrase : — “ Congratulations to be accompanied by a cheque.” Whether or not this was a begging appeal pure and simple, or whether it was what Artemus Ward terms “ a goak,” must remain an open question. The line was duly expunged by the Printing-house-square authorities ; it would otherwise have formed an interesting contribution to the curiosities of Advertise¬ ment Literature. •F *F *F Here is an amusing printer’s error. A leading firm of tea dealers, whose announcements are to be found on almost every hoarding and in most of the newspapers, commence one of their advertisements in the following words : — “A modem savant recently proclaimed to the world that the English lack lucidity.” One of the typos employed on the Dewsbury Chronicle thought well to illustrate the appositeness of that remark ; he therefore put the above words in the mouth of a “ modern servant ! ” There is evidently some lack of lucidity in that quarter. •F *F *F One of the most interesting men who ever lived was Daniel De Foe, who was also one of the most versatile and indefatigable of writers. Printers should venerate the memory of the author of the immortal “ Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, Mariner, who lived eight-and-twenty Years all alone in an Uninhabited Island on the Coast of America, near the Mouth of the great River of Oroonoque ; having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, wherein all the Men perished but himself ; with an Account how he was at last as strangely deliver’d by Pyrates. Written by himself.” We must also add that the public owe their thanks to Mr. Elliot Stock for supplying them at a nominal price with a carefully-printed facsimile reproduction of the first edition published in 1719, with a curious frontispiece and accompanied by a preface — all too short — by Mr. Austin Dobson. The first edition of “ Robinson Crusoe ” was published in 1719, when Daniel De Foe was fifty- eight years old, and after he had written a very large part of the 190 works which are known to have come from his pen. The idea of the work was suggested by the publication of a narrative giving an account of Alexander Selkirk or Selcraig’s four years’ residence on the Island of Juan Fernandez, by Captain Rogers, who rescued Selkirk and brought him home to England in 1711. In 1713 Selkirk was “interviewed” by Steele, who gave an account of Selkirk’s adventures in The Englishman, and it is quite possible that De Foe may have seen Selkirk during his stay in London, and have heard from his own lips some of the particulars he so fully amplified in “The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe.” It is somewhat surprising that a facsimile of the original edition of one of the most popular books in the world has not been attempted before, for copies of the first edition are now very scarce, and realise from ^50 to £ 60 . The copy from which this facsimile has been made is the exceptionally fine example in the library of Mr. Huth, to whose courtesy and patience the publisher states that he was indebted for the loan of the precious volume for more than a year. The time was put to good use, however, and we have as the result a most interesting reprint of this literary masterpiece. •F *F *F Allusion was made last month in these columns to the fact that Messrs. Bradbury, Wilkinson, & Co., had secured the contract for supplying the new issue of bank-notes for the Swiss Government. This award of the contract has provoked much hostile criticism among Swiss printers and others ; and the Commission that had been entrusted with the management of the matter has been reproached with favouring foreigners in preference to their own countrymen. This has induced the Commissioners concerned to publish an official report of their proceedings, which not only justifies the course of action they pursued, but affords, moreover, gratifying evidence that for work of this description English paper-makers and printers are Jan. 15, 1883.] THE printing times and lithographer. s far in advance of continental competitors. This fact cannot be too widely known, for there are not a few pessimists in our midst who would have us believe that English firms cannot fairly hold their own in competition with foreign paper-makers and printers so far as quality or price are concerned. Let all such croakers take note of the following facts. + ♦ + In the first instance the Commission took steps to ascertain which of the systems in vogue in other countries, especially in Germany, France, England, Austria, and the United States, offered the best security against forgery. After a careful examination, they came unanimously to the conclusion that the Austrian system was the one which the most effectually fulfilled this condition. The Austrian system consists in an ingenious combination of colours and geometric figures. The next thing was to choose the paper, which had to be of pure linen, hand-made, and with a shaded border. On inquiry it was found that no such paper could be procured in Switzerland, and the manager of the Biberirt Paper-making Company, — one of the largest in the country, — whom they called into council, declared “ with praiseworthy frankness ” that among the many samples submitted to the Commission none answered so well to the conditions laid down as that submitted by Messrs. T. H. Saunders & Co., of London. As, moreover, their prices were lower than those asked by any of their competitors, they received an order for 2,200,000 bank-notes, to be completed in six months. The matters of engraving and printing were much more complicated, and occupied the Commission a much longer time than the selection of the paper. The design finally adopted was that of Herr Walch, of Berne, modified according to the suggestions of Professor Stork, bank-note designer for the Austrian Government. As touching the execution, tenders were received from two German firms, two Swiss houses, and from Messrs. Bradbury, Wilkinson, & Co., of London. The Swiss firms were out of the running altogether ; the prices demanded by the German houses were higher by 30 per cent, than those quoted by the English firm just mentioned ; their work was, moreover, of inferior quality ; and, finally, they could not produce the notes required within the time given. For these reasons, the Commission recommended that the order should be given to Messrs. Bradbury, Wilkinson, & Co. At a meeting of representatives of the Confederate Banks (which have to pay for the notes) the proceedings of the Commission were unanimously confirmed, and the President was instructed to request the Federal Council to ratify without delay the conclusions at which they had arrived. The result of this international competition is one of which the British Paper and Printing trades may well be proud. + + + A petition to the French Government has been sent the round of the letterpress and litho printers of France by the Chambre des Imprimeurs of Paris, with the view of obtain¬ ing the suppression of the unfair privileges enjoyed by the National Printing-Office. The petition is lengthy, and goes into a number of financial and other details, showing that the State, on the one hand, could have its printing done cheaper if sub¬ mitted to public competition ; and that the National establish¬ ment, on the other, by printing for the general public, deprives the French printer of such work, to his great loss. We wish the petitioners every success, and strongly advise them to keep “ pegging away.” ❖ + + We learn from various sources that active steps are being taken not only amongst Paris printers but also in the depart¬ ments, where the Paper-making industry is one of some importance, for the total repeal of the duty levied on this branch of manufacture. Recently several deputations have waited on the Government with this object in view. It would appear that the greatest obstacle to the repeal is the state of the Budget. Like all similar imposts, the constant presence of the exciseman in the manufactories is felt as a great annoyance ; on the other hand, the net produce is only about £ 200,000 . Having gone through similar experience in this country, we may encourage our neighbours across the Channel by the assurance that their relief from this odious tax is only a question of time and opportunity. Despite all that may be said against the Times it is still “the leading journal in Europe,” and to have elicited the following paragraph implies a vast deal in favour of the latest literary production of one of the most accomplished master- printers in Paris. The Times correspondent thus writes A volume on Benvenuto Cellini, written and published by M. Eugene Plon, made its appearance a few days ago, to the great and justifiable satisfaction of those who are interested in the history of art. This magni¬ ficent volume is the result of minute and scholarly researches of M. Plon, extending over a number of years. His chief object is to specify the works which unquestionably belong to the immortal Florentine, and to examine, with conscientious care, those which are attributed to him and concerning which there is not the same unanimity of opinion. The work is a quarto of about 500 pages, embellished with 83 engravings and 17 woodcuts. Among the former are the marvellous salt-cellar of Francis 1., which belonged to the House of Austria, Lord Cowper’s liqueur vessel, the Windsor Shield, that at the Madrid Armaderia, that at Turin, the helmet and shield at Florence, the shield of Charles V., the armour of Charles IX. of Sweden, at Stockholm, &c. I need scarcely describe with what jealous care and attention to detail M. Plon has got up and published his own work. All I can do here is to announce the appearance of a book which has been impatiently awaited, and whose revelations, and historical, bio¬ graphical, and archaeological interest demand a review beyond the limits to which I must confine myself. This superb work -does not need a detailed notice in these pages ; but we are concerned, on behalf of the Printing craft at large, to congratulate M. Eugene Plon upon this his latest — - though we hope not his last— addition to the permanent litera¬ ture of Art. The able author of “ Thorwaldsen ” has shown himself thoroughly capable of the task he has set himself, and has, by his mode of executing it, conferred lustre upon the body of whom he is so distinguished a member. Our readers will remember that we gave a short account of the career of M. Eugene Plon in our Bibliography of Printing, at p. 202, vol. vii. + + + One more has to be added to the list of unsuccessful strikes, that of the compositors of Vienna having collapsed after a duration of eight weeks. Whatever the merits of the men’s case, their proceedings in initiating the strike were unquestion¬ ably of an unjustifiably high-handed nature. Their conduct towards their employers was such as could not fail to alienate from them the goodwill of the Viennese public, the provincial Gemiithlichkeit of the latter notwithstanding. As we have before stated in reporting upon the earlier stages of the strike, the men left work at a moment’s notice, and for this offence against the labour laws of Austria a considerable number have since been condemned to three days’ imprisonment. But, if the course of action followed by the men was unjustifiable, still more reprehensible was the tone adopted by their organ the Vorwarts, which applied the most offensive epithets indis¬ criminately to the master-printers and overseers. The lengths to which this was carried may be judged from the fact that on five different occasions within two months the journal was con¬ fiscated by the authorities, as its contents were held to be of so inflammatory a nature as to be likely to lead to a breach of the peace. + + * LONG before the strike was finished by the leaders many of the men wished to resume work ; but the head man, Hoger, who is himself in a position which kept him out of the conse¬ quences of the strike, and who wanted the influence the leader¬ ship gave him to obtain a seat in the Reichsrath, always repressed the reasonable men and kept the strike a-going. The event is of great consequence to the German printers, for, had the men been victorious, there would have been strikes in most of the important towns of Germany. It is now to be expected that the men will in future reflect for themselves before they commit their destinies to a selfish leader. * + Stimulated by the example of the compositors, the journey" men typefounders of Vienna elaborated last month a new scale of charges, which their employers also were called upon to adopt at short notice. On their refusal to do so, the men struck work in a number of typefoundries, without having given any preliminary notice. These Viennese operatives are evidently of opinion with Lafontaine that la guerre a ses douceurs , They may change their minds, however, when they come to pay the piper. 6 THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Jan. is, 1883. Lord Carnarvon asserted not long ago that the greater portion of the literary talent of this country was arrayed on the side of Conservatism. The truth of the assertion, which was much questioned at the time, is about to be demonstrated in part at least by the establishment of a new Conservative monthly to be entitled the Natio>ial Review. The preliminary prospectus bears the names of Lord Carnarvon and several other noblemen and leading Conservatives, and sets forth that the new venture is intended to call into play “ the literary and political talent in the Conservative ranks that at present lies dormant or unemployed.” The new magazine is to be of the size and bulk of the Nineteenth Century. The proprietorship is to be vested in trustees, and it is not “ projected for purposes of pecuniary profit.” Both these points are likely enough to prove a source of weakness, since such joint-proprietorship will probably bring in its train divided responsibility, while the very fact that pecuniary profit is not aimed at deprives the enter¬ prise of one of thejgreatest stimulants to successful management. Meanwhile, staunch Conservatives are called upon to secure a fair start for the magazine by paying the annual subscription — - thirty shillings — in advance. The Times seems to have been hoodwinked by this disclaimer as to'monetary considerations, and with a liberality not easily intelligible inserted the whole prospectus as an article in its matter pages ! From merely a printer’s point of view we welcome the new monthly. May it prosper, and provide profitable work for compositors and machine-minders ! 4 4 4 Publishers will do well to take note of a recent decision in a case heard the other day in the City of London Court, since it brings into strong relief one of their trading risks. Mr. Blower, a publisher of Poppin’s-court, Fleet-street, sued a number of persons for the price of periodicals supplied. Some of the defendants swore that the orders bearing their names and pro¬ duced by the plaintiff were not in their handwriting. Mr. Blower was unable to prove the contrary, and as he could not, more¬ over, when challenged to do so, produce evidence as to the posting of the periodicals to the different defendants, he lost the day. Unprincipled persons are not likely to overlook the opportunity which this decision affords of imposing upon unsuspecting publishers. This is evidently a case of Caveat venditor rather than Caveat emptor. 4 4 4 Charles Surface, in the School for Scandal , says that the family pictures will prove his ruin. Dr. Begg, a well-known Scottish divine, seems in like manner to look upon picture- books as something dangerous to the young. His reason for objecting to the opening of public libraries on Sundays is that “ many young people who go there do so only to look at pic¬ ture-books !” which is evidently a great sin in his eyes. He urges that Scotland has become a Sabbath-loving country “not by reading penny newspapers,” but by studying some of the heavy old divines. Sermons, too, are recommended as profit¬ able study. If looking at book-pictures is desecrating the Sabbath, what about the illustrated Bibles which are now found in almost every home ? As to sermons, they are too often theological opiates, and Sydney Smith — himself one of the Cloth — acknowledged that their one characteristic was “ decent debility.” With all deference to Dr. Begg, the “ penny news¬ paper” is not, as a rule, open to that charge. Has our Scottish friend ever read that fine apostrophe of Bishop Horne’s : — “ Talk they of morals ! There is no need of Hutcheson, Smith, or Paley. Only take a newspaper, and consider it well ; read it, and it will instruct thee.” 4 4 4 Commenting upon the result of the Belt Libel case, and upon the heavy damages recovered, the Law Journal observes that the £(5,000 awarded by the jury “ are probably unequalled in an action for libel in this country.” We may, however, recall the case of poor William Prynne, the author of the “ Histriomastix,” who was tried for libel before the Court of the Star-Chamljer in Hilary Term, 1633-4. Lord Cottington, the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, in delivering sentence, said some extraordinary things, as for instance that Prynne, in writing the book in question, was “ surely assisted imme¬ diately by the devil himself, or rather he hath assisted the devil !” He ordered the book to be burned by the hangman ; Prynne “ to stand in the pillory in two places, in Westminster and Cheapside ; and that he shall lose both his ears, one in each place ; and with a paper on his head, declaring how foul an offence it is, viz., ‘that it is for an infamous libel against both their majesties, state, and government.’ And lastly (nay, not lastly), I do condemn him in ,£5,000 fine to the King ; and, lastly, perpetual imprisonment.” The poor printer, Michael Sparkes, was fined ,£500, and ordered “to stand in the pillory, without touching of his ears,” which latter exemption was evidently considered an act of special grace. The Law Joiumal need not, moreover, to have gone back to the year 1676 for an instance of even .£4,000 damages being awarded, as was the case in an action for libel brought by Lord Townsend against Dr. Hughes. There is a much more recent case on record, that brought by Lady Elizabeth Lambert against Mr. Tattersall, the proprietor of the Morning Post. This action for libel was tried in 1792, and resulted in a verdict for £(4,000 damages against the paper named. 4 4 4 BLOCK advertisements are undoubtedly an eyesore in ordi¬ nary news-sheets, since they spoil the tout-e?isemble and sym¬ metry of the page. We therefore some time ago commented favourably upon the steps taken by the Barnet Press to dis¬ courage their insertion. Our contemporary has now gone further, by excluding blocks altogether, and by enforcing higher rates than formerly for the use of block type. A second journal, the Herts Advertiser and St. Albans Times , has also resolved to exclude all blocks in future, and to place all adver¬ tisers on an equal footing, by adopting such a style of display as shall be conspicuous without being offensive to good taste. We congratulate Messrs. Gibbs & Bamforth upon having taken this step, which cannot but add to the other recommendations of their well-established paper. Let us hope that the good example thus set by these two Hertfordshire papers may be widely followed in other counties. There is ample room for a more general reform in this direction ; for, as it is, to use the words of an A.R.A., — The merit of the goods men advertise Art (?) sets most palpably before our eyes. and that, unfortunately, in the columns of many an otherwise well-printed newspaper. 4 4 4 Quaint old Burton defines Matrimony as “a matter of money,” and that definition has evidently impressed itself upon the mind of the canny Scot who penned the following begging appeal, which for originality and impudence has probably not been equalled. We reproduce the precious document verbatim ; — Sir, — I, the undersigned, am about to be married, and one evening lately, whilst in company witli some of my acquaintances, the subject of my marriage was being discussed, when one of the company laid a wager that I could not furnish my house by means of subscription solicited from the noblemen and gentry of this country. I was chary of taking up such a wager, but after consideration I agreed, and for this purpose I have humbly to solicit a donation from you, on or before Dec. 15 next, no matter how small, as the house I intend to furnish will only cost £50 or thereby. I trust you will excuse the liberty I have taken, and should you think of favouring me with a donation it will be gratefully received and acknow¬ ledged by me. I may state that I am twenty-four years of age, a com¬ positor employed in the office of the Bo' ness Journal, Bo' ness, N.B., where donations will be received. What has the proprietor of the Bo' ness Journal to say in defence of this “ cheap and easy method ” of setting up house through the instrumentality of his journal ? 4 4 4 While there has undoubtedly been some progress made in the development of our foreign Paper trade during the past year, the result is not on the whole of a very encouraging nature. The gross value of the British paper shipped to foreign ports was £(1,306,668, against £(1,242,962 in the preceding year. The imports of foreign-made paper, on the other hand, increased in value from £(1,041,576 in 1881, to £(1,124,648 in 1882. We have in both these totals made allowance for the re-export values. The above figures show, therefore, that while our paper exports during the year have only increased by £ 64,000 , our imports show an advance of £(83,000. These data point to a state of things that cannot be considered satisfactory from a p aper-maker’s point of view. Jan. 15, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 7 Grouping the three Items of Printed Books, Stationery, and Paper together, we find that last year’s exports represent a value of £3,361,410, as compared with ,£3,139,393 in 1881, showing a net increase of £ 222,000 . These totals do not include the value of printing machinery, type, ink, &c., exported, of which no data are available. But, even as they stand, the above figures give an average export (taking the year at 300 working days) of these three classes of manufactures, of £11,204 per diem. This affords gratifying evidence that the Paper and Printing industries are contributing no inconsiderable quota to the export trade of this country. *J* "i* Esparto and other vegetable fibre for paper-making purposes were imported into this country last year to the value of £1,282,014, and rags to the value of .£301,083, both figures combined showing a falling-off in value of over £ 100,000 as compared with those for 1881. •J* •{• 4* Wholesale stationers cultivating the export markets have no ground for complaint so far as the aggregate of last year’s trade is concerned. The demand has at times considerably fluctuated, but the business for the year shows on the whole more satisfactory results than did the preceding twelvemonth, prosperous as that proved. The shipments for December amounted to £71,803 in value, or about £3,000 less than in the corresponding month of 1881. The total for the twelvemonth is, however, £882,109, as compared with £796,585 in the pre¬ ceding year. What is not the least cheering feature in this connexion is that the increased demand is not confined to any one country, but is pretty evenly distributed over the whole of our export markets. December has proved a decidedly active month so far as the supply of English books to the Colonial and American markets was concerned. The quantity shipped amounted to 10,796 cwt., valued at £108,419, as compared with 9,489 cwt., valued at £95,372 in the last month of 1881. The figures for the year show that the quantity of printed books exported was 121,917 cwt., of the value of £1,172,633, the corresponding totals for the preceding year being 109,990 cwt., valued at £1,099,846. This shows a rate of progress nearly equal to that made the previous year upon the figures for 1880. PRINTERS’ AND PUBLISHERS’ RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES. In Two Parts. — Part I. E law of this kingdom, as every one is supposed to know, is of two kinds ; part of it being un¬ written, and called “ common law,” and part being written, and called “ statute law.” From very early times the Acts of Parliament or the statutes have been printed and circulated ; one of the first general applications of the print¬ ing-press in England being to produce copies of the laws of the realm. The volumes or series of volumes containing these laws have very great technical, as well as legal, historical, and bibliographical interest ; and it seems some¬ what singular that typographical antiquaries have not more fully utilised the vast stores of information contained within them. Few but lawyers are aware, even, of the existence of such works as Hawkins’s or Ruffhead’s “ Statutes at Large,” — or still less of the grand editions of the Statutes of the Realm put under the authority of a Royal Commission early in the present century — probably their magnitude deterring others from their examination. These books give the exact, literal text of the whole of the Acts in chronological order. About twelve years ago it was deemed desirable to issue a more portable edition, the condensa¬ tion being effected by reprinting only the “ practical ” or unrepealed Acts. The volumes thus brought into existence are known as the “ Revised Edition of the Statutes,” and are printed by authority by the Queen’s Printers, in handy octavo volumes ; but so rapidly do our laws change, that even this modern series is growing obsolete, and, indeed, is being superseded by Chitty’s “ Practical Statutes.” Such are the official and legal statements of British law, as embodied in the Parliamentary Acts. Many years ago, however, the cumbrousness of such volumes as the “ Statutes at Large ” and the difficulty of obtaining from them explicit information on any specific point, led to the compilation of “ Commentaries.” These, of course, are entirely non- official ; but, having usually been written by men of high judicial attainments and extensive legal knowledge, to some extent they have superseded, except for purposes of verbal quotation or verification, reference to the original Acts. The aim of such works is to give a complete conspectus of the whole of the legislation on any legal subject, from the beginning of legislation upon it to the date of publication. They harmonise to some extent apparently conflicting pro¬ visions, and remove doubts whenever there is obscurity in the diction of the Acts themselves ; above all, they illustrate the nature of the legislation under purview, and indicate its practical effects by the citation of decisions in the superior courts. Of such books a favourable example is supplied in Sir William Blackstone’s famous “ Commentaries,” which, with the necessary emendations caused by recent legislation, still remains a text-book for legal students and investigators. Commentaries now exist upon nearly every department of English law, and they are of the utmost use to the lay¬ man as to the lawyer. In a highly-civilised state of society like our own, wherein it is hardly possible to perform any act of importance without infringing upon the rights of some one, it is most desirable that every man should know at least something of the special laws affecting his own pro¬ fession or calling. To no class is knowledge of this kind more indispensable than to printers, editors, and publishers, because the least indiscretion or inadvertence on their part may involve them in the most serious consequences. Hence various books on subjects directly bearing upon their rights and responsibilities have from time to time been issued ; and to the latest, and perhaps the best, of these we are about to call the attention of our readers. It is entitled “The Liberty of the Press, Speech, and Public Worship, being Commentaries on the Liberty of the Subject and the Laws of England.” Mr. James Paterson, M.A., barrister- at-law, is the author of the book, which extends to xxxiv. and 568 octavo pages; the publishers being Messrs. Mac¬ millan & Co. The work itself is, as the title indicates, divisible into three distinct portions, relating respectively to the Press, Speech, and Public Worship. With the first mainly have we any concern in this journal; and that section is so full in detail that the attempt to compile a synopsis of its contents within the space allowable seems almost hopeless. It is possible, nevertheless, we think, to extract passim a few items that may be of advantage to our readers, while at the same time indicating the kind of information that may be found within its pages. As has been truly said, the next most useful thing to possessing any desired information is to know where it is to be found. Like many other popular expressions, the common phrase “the liberty of the press ” is not unfrequently mis¬ understood, and its exact signification is seldom analysed. 8 THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Jan. 15, 1883. Mr. Paterson says : “ The liberty of the press means the liberty of publishing whatever any member of the public thinks fit, on any subject whatever, and subject only to this restriction, that if he goes to an extreme, in making blasphemous, immoral, seditious, or defamatory statements, then he may be punished afterwards, by indictment, infor¬ mation, or by action, for such excess.” Assuming the accuracy of this definition, it becomes necessary, in the next place, to know what in the legal sense constitutes “ blasphemy, immorality, sedition, and libel,” — otherwise the course*, of any one who should avail himself of the privileges involved in the expression would be fraught with danger. Yet, it is thoughtfully added, that, notwithstanding the restrictions which are in existence, and which are in reality necessary for the protection of all citizens who claim equal rights, “ everything that is inter¬ esting to man, every kind of speculation on matters of religion, politics, science, or philosophy, or practical life, can be discussed with perfect freedom, without the writer being either blasphemous, immoral, seditious, or libellous. To steer clear of these rocks and quicksands requires the same experience and knowledge which pilots and all other skilled workmen require in their daily avocations. Yet the vast range of ocean open to the navigator is so great in pro¬ portion to the spaces shut out, that the positive enjoyment represented by the liberty of the press is not only the most intense and sensitive of which a citizen is capable, giving scope to his noblest faculties and bringing within range his most far-reaching powers, but the restrictions fall into insig¬ nificance, and are altogether inappreciable.” This representation of the degree of liberty enjoyed in a free country like our own is certainly made with con¬ siderable eloquence of diction, and the simile of the ocean and its forbidden spaces is both felicitous and forcible. It will bear, however, a further extension. The mariner and the pilot, despite all their study and experience, fail, occasionally, to steer clear of the hidden rocks and the iron-bound shores of the expanse upon which their vessel sails ; and the most carefully-prepared charts omit to indicate all the perils to which they are subject. So with the career of the author and the editor. However con¬ scientious may be their motives ; however careful they may be of the rights of their fellow-citizens ; however solicitous they may be to keep within their privileges, they may and sometimes do fail to keep within the limits which the law imposes. We may add, [that to minimise the hidden dangers that beset their course, and to lay down with the utmost exactitude the lines upon which they may most safely proceed, ought to be the first object of any statesman who would deal with the pressing subject of the present Libel laws. Appended to these observations are several of the eulogiums which have been uttered by eminent writers and lawyers upon the liberty of the press as it exists in this kingdom. We must not attempt to reprint them, but we will endeavour to extract a sentence or two from the paragraphs which our author devotes to an exposition of the dictum that “ the liberty of the press is the greatest of all liberties.” He says : “ It has been described as the palladium of the constitution, and as that which will command an audience when every honest man in the kingdom is excluded. As Lord Camden said, it is the greatest engine of public safety, and to which, as Fox said, the modern improvement in the science of government was entirely owing, and, indeed, to which it is owing in a great measure that we have any liberty at all. The freedom with which skilful writers can animadvert on the conduct of all public men and public measures acts as a check on every kind of misgovernment, and baffles most of such attempts sooner or later. It gives dignity and a sense of security to the whole people when they know that some champion will be forthcoming or is ever on the alert, able to meet all comers, whenever an abuse is discovered, a grievance felt, or an evil is to be redressed, and that there is no machinery by which any interested party can be sure of enforcing absolute silence.” The ancients appear to have tolerated a certain degree of liberty of expression ; but the fact is probably attributable to the small number of copies of any writing that could be produced. It was when printing was discovered, and “ the audience grew from hundreds to thousands, and the voice penetrated to the market, the barrack, the cloister, the plough, and the loom, and every abode from the palace to the hut, and covered continents instead of one small chamber, governments became perplexed how to deal with this new force, the mischiefs of which were at first only discerned, and then in exaggerated proportions.” When governments at last realised the potentiality of the new power, they adopted two expedients to restrain it. The first was to limit the number of apprentices to the art of printing ; the second “ to see that nobody presumed to publish anything until an archbishop or high functionary first satisfied himself that the foundations of the terrestrial economy would not be shaken to their centre by the explosion.” The statute of 1533 recited that a marvellous number of printed books had been brought into the realm ; hence it provided that foreign books were thenceforward to be prohibited. The Crown afterwards assumed that no subject had any business to publish his thoughts without its licence, and Edward VI., in accordance with this view, appointed by patent a “King’s Printer.” In 1637 this restriction was made more harsh still, for the Star Chamber issued the famous decree for the regulation of the press. The Long Parliament in 1645 passed a most tyrannical ordinance in the same spirit, and the climax was reached when, in 1662, a Licensing Act (14 Charles II., c. 33) of unexampled severity was passed. It continued in force until 1692, when it finally expired. A century after, owing to the turmoils engendered by the French Revolution, and the dangers that were supposed to be imminent of the doctrines of that movement being pro¬ claimed in this country, restrictions on printers were again proposed. In 1799 (by 39 Geo. III., c. 79) it was enacted that they should keep for six months copies of all papers printed by them, upon which the names of those persons ordering them were to be distinctly written. This is still the law, except in regard to mere trade circulars and the like. As a further precaution it was enacted that printers should print their names and places of business on all papers and books intended for circulation : a monstrous absurdity which is also still in force. Practically these are the only restrictions upon printers at the present time, except in regard to libel and copyright. There are few matters presented to the Courts that are more fruitful in discussion and litigation than the com¬ plicated subject of printers’ contracts and “ the custom of the trade.” Upon these points Mr. Paterson offers the following practical remarks. “ The contract of a printer,” he says, “ to print a work is not classed under the head of contracts for the sale of goods, and hence does not, in order to be binding on the author or publisher, require to be in writing, pursuant to the Statute of Frauds. It is merely a contract to do work and labour, and supply materials, and can be proved by word of mouth. And hence, when a printer after printing part of a work, stopped on discovering that it was libellous, and sued the author for work and labour so far as he had gone, he was held entitled to recover his charges. But when both printer and author engage in printing a work which is immoral, such as the adventures Jan. 15, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 9 of a prostitute, neither can sue the other, as the whole foundation of their contract is bad.” Several eminent printing firms adopt the prudent plan of printing on their bill-heads or statements of account a notification to the effect that all materials or goods are held as a “ general lien.” The legal authority for the practice of a particular lien only is thus stated : “ Like other contractors, the printer has a lien on the printed copies not delivered for the general balance of accounts in printing former parts of the same work, just as a tailor who makes a suit of clothes.” In a foot-note, however, there is an important modification, as follows : “ But a printer who has stereotype plates, put into his hand for printing from them, has no such lien, unless he can prove an express contract to that effect, or a custom of trade ” ; to this, however, the habitual use of the term 88 general ” lien amounts. A further point upon which doubt is often entertained is thus disposed of : “ By the custom of the trade, a printer cannot recover the price of printing a work before the whole is delivered. And hence, when a fire broke out on his premises before the whole number of copies were printed, he was held not entitled to recover anything, though one third of the copies had actually been delivered. But there is no custom of the trade by which a printer is bound, at his own expense, to insure for the benefit of the bookseller the paper which he has on hand for the purpose of printing his books.” The registration of printing-presses was, it appears, enforced from the time of Henry VIII. and Edward VL, and the Licensing Act of 1662 expressly required notice of the keeping of a press to be given to the Stationers’ Company. After that Act expired, its provisions in this respect were re-enacted by Queen Anne in 17x2. They were not, however, carried out till 1799 (by 39 Geo. III., c. 79), and the law was altogether repealed in 1869 by 32 and 33 Viet., c. 24, so that now registration is no longer required. It would be interesting, from an historical point of view, to follow Mr. Paterson through his succinct history of Censorship of the Press, but space precludes our doing so. In the celebrated 88 injunctions” of Queen Elizabeth of 1559, concerning the clergy, she commanded that certain kinds of book were not to be printed without a licence. The decree of the Star Chamber of 1637 perpetuated this regulation, which was further enlarged by several Acts of the Long Parliament. The abolition of the office of censor was brought about so late as 1692, primarily through the signal incapacity of one of its holders. - #— *• fW— • - COLOUR. AND COLOUR-PRINTING AS APPLIED TO LITHOGRAPHY, CHAPTER III. — General Properties of Pigments as applied to Printing. Light Represented by White — Tints, Shades, Hues, Purity of Colour ■ — Opacity, Transparency — Body, Power — Permanency — Mutual Influence — Drying. 26. T N painting, printing, and other arts, various material substances called pigments are employed to represent the colours of Nature, which they do with variable degrees of success, their principal defect being their want of power to convey proper ideas of lightness and darkness. No painting can properly express the glory of a sunset sky, the brilliancy of noonday, or the obscurity of a cavern ; the best that can be done only faintly approaches the reality. 27. Light represented by White Pigments. — In the practice of colouring, white plays an important part, either as a surface, such as paper, over which are spread pigments more or less transparent ; or as a body colour, such as chalk, white lead, or zinc white, which is mixed with the pigments themselves to give them a power of hiding the ground over which they may be placed, as well as to impart to them the particular strength of tint intended by the artist. In water-colour painting, as generally practised, and in colour-printing in oil-colours, the white ground is an important factor, the colour in each case being spread over it in a thin film. In oil and distemper painting white pigment is added to the colours, and the work is much the same in effect whether laid on thickly or thinly. White thus comes to represent light, while a black or other dark pigment may be used to degrade colour to represent shade. 28. Tints, Shades, and Hues. — Now, when a pigment is lightened, either by the white ground showing through it, or by the addition of white body-colour to it, it is said to be a tint of that colour. A shade of a colour, on the contrary, is such a degradation of it as may be formed by the addition of black or other dark pigment. The addition of white to black forms a neutral grey. Another attribute of colour is denominated hue. This word is employed to indicate the mutual relation of colour as distinct from light or dark. Thus a green may be of yellow or blue hue, blue may be of a green or purple hue, and red of a purple or orange hue. The word hue there¬ fore indicates a quality which may be distinguished, whether the colour be light or dark. 29. Purity and Impurity of Colour. — A very im¬ portant matter for the student is to be able to distinguish colours as to their purity. It may be roughly stated that there are no pigments to be obtained that will represent colours absolutely. Yellows will be found to have a ten¬ dency to either green or orange. Red will lean on one side to purple or on the other to orange ; while blue will either favour purple or green. These tendencies may be taken advantage of in com¬ pounding colours. If we desire to compound a bright green we may take a blue and yellow, which already incline to that colour. In a similar manner we may select colours for compounding purple and orange. In mixing for ter- tiaries this care need not be exercised, because, as their names import, each one contains the three primary colours . Thus, russet may be regarded as red broken down by additions of blue and yellow (or green). By inspection of diagrams 3 and 4 green will be found opposite russet. In the same manner citrine is yellow broken- with purple, and olive is blue broken with orange. By thus training the mind to detect in any colour a ten¬ dency in hue towards another one, a power is gained over it in subjecting it to any particular use ; and in the actual mixing of colours time will be saved, when making com¬ pounds for matching other hues, in consequence of the knowledge previously gained of the pigments individually. It is probable that, if pigments existed of absolute purity representing blue, red, and yellow, no others would be required for compounding mixtures to imitate any hues ; but, as these cannot be had, pigments in relation to mere colour may advantageously be selected in pairs. Thus, for red we may choose vermilion and crimson lake, or vermilion and carmine. For yellow, lemon-chrome and a deeper, more golden tint, called chrome No. 2. For blue, Chinese or Prussian blue, and oriental blue, cobalt, or ultramarine. The student should purchase these in the convenient form of water-colour cakes, and will then be in a position to make many instructive experimental mixtures. 30. Opacity and Transparency. — Pigments differ also in their qualities of opacity and transparency ; that is to say, in their power of either covering up another colour IO THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Jan. 15, 1883. when laid over it, or of allowing it to show through. As an opaque body vermilion may be instanced, and crimson lake as a transparent one. 31. Body and Power. — The word body is applied as a quality of pigments, but its meaning varies as applied to an opaque or transparent pigment. It is most often applied to opaque pigments, which are spoken of generally as “ body colours”; and thus, any transparent colour, when mixed with opaque white, becomes a “ body colour.” Opaque pigments having the power of completely hiding other colours beneath them, are said to have a good body ; but the term, as applied to transparent colours, means that they have a great power in imparting their own hue to a white pigment ; or, in other words, it indicates that the pigment possesses great colouring power in proportion to its bulk. As the word body has been used in this double sense, it is well to have another word for denoting what is meant by it in connexion with transparent pigments. That word is potaer. When a pig¬ ment possesses the quality of largely influencing a mixture, or of colouring a great quantity of oil or water in proportion to its bulk, it is said to possess great power. We have, then, three good words for distinguishing three important qualities of material colours, — transparency, body, and power. Practically, it is of much importance to know these qualities in pigments, both in painting and printing. In the production of any imitations of material objects, either natural or artificial, the qualities of body or opacify and transparency must be thoroughly understood and well borne in mind. It would be quite improper, for instance, to commence a picture with transparent colours and to finish with opaque ones. To proceed thus would be to destroy aerial effect and transparency of shadow. The reverse order must be taken or the result will be poor and heavy. Lights in the foreground, and the whole of the distances in a landscape, can well be produced with body colours ; but in the shades and shadows the best effects will be got by the use of pigments having transparency, the most transparent being employed as a glaze to represent the deepest parts. In our lists of colours we shall point out the comparative transparency of each pigment, leaving it to be inferred that those which are most deficient in trans¬ parency have the greatest opacity or body. 32. Permanency. : — Another important consideration is the permanency of colours. Pigments are differently affected by different causes. Light, heat, darkness, impure air variously affect various pigments and dyes. Thus, impure air containing the vapour of sulphurous compounds acts strongly upon white colours having lead for their basis, while the same pigments stand any amount of strong light. Crimson and rose colours prepared from any source except the madder-root or alizarine will not bear the continued in¬ fluence of strong light, but are fairly permanent under the influence of darkness or impure air. Heat strongly influences some colours, as is seen more particularly in those instances when it is employed to vary the hues of certain earthy matters. Yellow ochre by burning becomes changed to light red, and analogous changes occur in Sienna earth and many other substances. Other colours, on the contrary, are comparatively unaffected by high temperatures, — such as zinc white, cobalt and smalt blues, &c. 33. Influence of Pigments upon each other. — Be¬ sides the changes wrought by extraneous influences, others are brought about by the injudicious mixture of one pig¬ ment with another which acts chemically upon it. Thus many pigments should not be mixed with colours containing lead, which, generally speaking, have the tendency to change such pigments towards blackness. Others, again, should not be incorporated with those that contain iron. When we come to speak of individual colours we shall note these peculiarities. 34. Drying. — Pigments also vary in another important particular, that is, their power of drying in oil and oil varnishes. Oils dry by the absorption of oxygen from some source ; it may be from the atmosphere, or from the pigments with which they are ground. Some of the colours, such as the oxides of the metals, are rich in oxygen and are good dryers, while others, being deficient, may even retard desiccation. It will sometimes happen that pigments which are bad dryers require the addition of some substance which will facilitate their hardening. Such helps are em¬ ployed both by the painter and printer, and we shall have occasion to point them out in another place. 35. How Oils Dry. — The correct idea of the way in which oils dry should be mastered by the student. It is no uncommon thing to imagine that the putting of printed work into a drying-room facilitates the drying of printing- ink in the same manner as the water is dried out of paper, viz., by evaporation. This is a mistake, for the ink really dries by taking to itself a new something, and not by parting with anything. It therefore really becomes heavier. By special arrangements oil may be made to absorb so much oxygen-gas as to become something like India-rubber in its qualities. This is frequently seen when improper oil is used in lubricating machinery, it becomes “ gummy ” by absorbing oxygen from the atmosphere. Vegetable oils are, as a rule, more liable to this defect than animal oils ; hence the latter are most in favour as lubricants. Oil, when applied to machinery, shows this tendency to oxidise in a very marked manner, because the continual change of place of its particles exposes it more thoroughly to the action of the air, and therefore to oxygen, than would be the case if it remained in a state of rest. Oil varnishes, such as are employed in printing-ink, are affected in like manner, but the varnishes in which the essential oils, such as spirits of turpentine, are used, and the spirit varnishes in which benzole or alcohol is em¬ ployed, act principally by the evaporation of the solvents. Sometimes two kinds of varnish, as oil and turpentine varnishes, are combined in one, in which case the drying consists in the evaporation of the turpentine as well as the absorption of oxygen by the oil. Though warm air facilitates the drying of oils, it is not by causing evapora¬ tion of its particles, as in the drying of water out of paper, but by facilitating the absorption of oxygen from the air, which consists of two gases, oxygen and nitrogen. The following short description of experiments made on this subject by Chevreul will help the student to appreciate and remember the fact that oils and oil varnishes dry by the absorption of oxygen. Four pieces of wood were painted on one side with white lead ground in pure linseed oil, and on the other side with zinc white ground in the same medium. No. 1 was exposed in the open air. In 24 hours the white lead was almost dry. The zinc white was set but not dry. In 72 hours both were perfectly dry. No. 2 was exposed in a half-gallon glass jar and carefully closed. In 24 hours the white lead was not quite dry, and the zinc white was only set. In 72 hours both were per¬ fectly dry. No. 3 was exposed in a similar jar, in which the air had been replaced by dry oxygen gas. In 24 hours both white lead and zinc white were quite dry. Piece No. 4 was exposed in a similar jar, filled with carbonic acid gas instead of air. After 72 hours the white lead was almost set but did not adhere to the wood, coming off entirely when rubbed with the finger. At the same time the zinc white was absolutely wet. Jan. 15, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 1 1 The effect of temperature on the drying of inks is consi¬ derable, so that, if the drying-room is not artificially heated, it may take five or six times as much dryers in winter as in summer to make out for extremes in temperature. In experiment No. 4 it will be seen that carbonic acid gas did not permit of the paint drying, yet it is a gas rich in oxygen. The latter is, however, so bound up with carbon that it will not readily leave it, whereas the oxygen in the air is not a chemical compound but only mixed with its accompanying nitrogen, and is perfectly free to unite with any substance for which it has an affinity. If these facts be kept in mind, much misapprehension will be saved on the subject of drying of inks. 36. We have in this and the previous chapters laid down certain general principles, and explained what is to be understood by words and phrases connected with the subject of colours and pigments. These must be thoroughly mastered so as to be brought to the mind whenever required, as they will frequently be used in the following pages. What we have said might have been made to fill a volume of itself if it had been treated as fully as its import¬ ance demands. As, however, we desire to condense this treatise into convenient limits we have been as concise as consistent with our desire to make ourselves understood. If we have not made our meaning as clear as desirable through being too concise, we ask the reader to make up for the deficiency by increased attention and determination to master what is meant. - - ■ - - »-«s « e=-o - of Schoepflin (Johann Daniel). Dissertation sur Torigine de l’impri merie. [In Memoires de Lilterature, tires des registres de l’Acade mie Royale des inscriptions et Belles Lettres. vol. xvii., p. 762. Paris: [1740]. 4to. Occupies 24 pages. - Vindicise Typographic^. Argentorati : 1760. 4to. Pages 120, with three preliminary leaves and an Appendix, containing “ Docu- menta Typographicarum Originiim ex Argentinensibus tabulariis et bibliothecis nunc primum edita,” pp. 42 ; indexes, 5 leaves ; 7 plates of facsimiles. The following chapter-headings in this important work give an idea of the general Argument of the author : — 1. Notitia prse- via ; 2. Gutenbergii acta et primordia typographica Argentorati ; 3. typographia a Gutenbergio continuata, et a Petro Schaeffero perfecta Moguntiae; 4. typo¬ graphia literarum sculptarum a Guten¬ bergii sociis continuata et perfecta Ar¬ gentorati ; 5. fabulosa Argentinensium de originibus typographicis traditio ; 6. fallaces Fausti inscriptiones ; 7. typo¬ graphica Argentinensis aera Mogunti- nensi antiquior ; 8. typographic Har- lemensium origines ; 9. reliqua Guten¬ bergii fata ; 10. Gutenbergii successores Argentinae usque ad sec. xvi. ; n. typo- graphi Alsatiae extra Argentoratum ; 12. typographi Alsatae extra Alsatiam. We have already referred in a review of the typographic controversy, given .y. v. Koster, to the position of Schoepflin in relation to the writers of the seventeenth century. About the time when his work made its appearance, opinion was strongly in favour of the Dutch claims. He was a learned professor and an untiring an¬ tiquary, and, undoubtedly, made some valuable discoveries bearing upon the career of John Gutenberg. In fact, he may be said to have, contributed more to the history of the origin of the invention than any of his predecessors. Unfortu¬ nately, several of Schoepflin’s discoveries, especially those made in conjunction with some of his contemporaries, have quite lately been distrusted^ and Mr. Hessels, the most recent investigator in the field of paleotypography, has been led to regard more than one as decidedly suspicious. Forgeries have been perpetrated by the Germans, and we cannot exonerate the Dutch. Party spirit and a desire to uphold a preconceived theory have unhappily led men of learning, who ought to have been diligent searchers after truth, either to sanction or to condone statements which subsequent researches have shown to be frauds, and even to utilise in their writings evidence which they must have known to be false and misleading. How far Schoepflin’s char¬ acter is tinged with this discreditable imputation cannot, at present, be fully ascertained ; but the result of Mr. Hessels’ labours has been, generally speaking, to suggest, that great caution should be shown in accepting discoveries which have not been confirmed by subsequent writers, and by those who have inde¬ pendently examined the original docu¬ ments. It may be useful to enumerate the contributions of Schoepflin to the history of the subject, as contained in the work above cited. 1. The Act by which Gutenberg, then residing in the convent of Arbogast, re¬ leased the secretary of Mentz, and relin¬ quished the money which the town owed to Gutenberg. This was discovered by Schoepflin, and published by him for the first time (“ Vindic. Typog.,” p. 3). 2. The document concerning the alleged breach-of-promise action of Anna Zu der IserinThure against Gutenberg. Schoepf flin says he received this document from the Strasbourg Archivist Wencker. When, however, Meerman afterwards asked for a copy, Schoepflin replied that there was no such document in existence ; the in¬ formation in question was merely contained in a marginal annotation — and even this was not produced. He actually based a circumstantial account of Gutenberg’s supposed marriage and children on this “discovery.” {See J. K. Hessels’ “Gu¬ tenberg,” p. 20, seq.) The whole is now shown to be a forgery. 3. The records of the Law Suit of 1439, in which George Dritzehen sued Guten¬ berg for a sum of money he alleged to be due to him, owing to partnership trans¬ actions between his brother Andrew and the defendant. 4. Items in a register of the hellerzol, or penny tax, of Strasbourg. These were published for the first time by Schoepflin in the “ Vindiciae,” docu¬ ment No. vii. p. 40. With regard to No. 3, Schoepflin says he discovered the evidence of the various witnesses in an old tower, called the Pfennigthurm, at Strasbourg, among the protocols of the council of that city. He published the entries in the “ Vindicise,” fifteen years after the alleged finding of the depositions. He also claimed, with the aid of the Archivist Wencker, to have discovered the volume containing the decision of the Court ; but there is reason to believe that he never actually saw this document. Mr. Hessels says : — “ To me it always appeared suspicious that Schoepflin had j ust discovered documents which furnished him with evidence and a date which he had previously wished to find. It was his theory, and that of many of his friends, that the invention of Printing had taken place, in an incomplete form, and in secret, at Strasbourg before it had been perfected at Mentz. Everybody in his time, and long before him, talked of 1440 as the Mentz date ; and by his documents Schoepflin was, all at once, provided with a mechanical process, and that a most mysterious one, already in operation, at a most convenient time, namely in 1439, at Strasbourg. Schoepflin was also dis¬ tinctly under the impression that Guten¬ berg had printed books at Strasbourg, and he even mentions some works as Guten¬ berg’s products. But in his ignorance of incunabula, and misled by a date, he attributed books to Gutenberg which we now know could not have been printed by him. Such proceedings must arouse our suspicions.” Dr. Van der Linde, in his “ Guten¬ berg,” insinuates (p. 328) that Schoepflin had the acts for an alarmingly long time under his keeping, and that Dunne’s testi¬ mony (that three years ago, or thereabout, he had earned from Gutenberg nearly 100 guilders merely for that luhick belonged to printing ) appears at the end as if it had been “ snowed ” into the document, and adds the following concerning Schoepflin : — “ I object to any indignation which may be felt because I do not sufficiently respect the learned compiler of ‘Alsatia Ulustrata.’ He, that could rob an abbey of its most precious books (‘ Psalterium,’ 1457, 1459) under the pretence of wishing to send them, as an example of the ancient art of printing, to the Royal Library of Paris, and afterwards sells them for his own private gain, has forfeited the right of being considered an honest man. The gaol holds people far more innocent.” Mr. Hessels, in quoting this (p. 188), draws from it the inference that Dr. Van der Linde strongly suspects Schoepflin’s documents, or, at least, must suspect them, as Dunne’s testimony does not appear in Laborde’s facsimile dis¬ similar to the rest ; but, he remarks, “Dr. Van der Linde’s opinion as to the honesty of the people he has to deal with cannot always be implicitly relied upon.”— See Strasbourg and Typo¬ graphy, post . Schoepflin’s theory is, as already stated, that it was at Strasbourg that Guten¬ berg made his first experiments in the art of Printing, and that his discoveries were perfected at Mayence. The work contains seven plates, of which six re¬ present fragments of what the author believed to be the first products of the Strasbourg press. These books, he con¬ tends, were : — 1, “ Liber de miseria humanse conditions, ” 1448 ; 2, “ Solilo- quium Hugonis, anni incerti ” ; 3, Men- telii Biblia, 1466 ; 4, Mentelii Astex- anus,” 1469; 5, “Eggesteinii Biblia, 1468 ; 6, Eggesteinii officia Ciceronis,” 1472. The seventh plate represents a fragment of a manuscript said to be written in uncial characters by Peter Schoefier, of Gernsheim, at Paris, in 1449. The author, who does not ex¬ plain how the fragment of the manu¬ script reached Strasbourg, says that it shows the affinity between the arts of caligraphy and typography. Johann Daniel Schoepflin was Professor of Elocution and History at Strasbourg, and a member of many academies. He was born at Sulzbourg in 1694, and died 1771. He distinguished himself by the publication of other valu¬ able works besides the “Vindicise,” such as “ Alsatia Illustrata,” referred to below ; “ Historia Zaringo-Badensis Carolsruhe, ex officina Macklotiana ” (1763, 7 vois. 4to.), and “Alsatia seri Merovingici, Carolingici, Saxonici, Salici, Suevici, diplomatica ” (Mannhemii, typographia academica, 1772, 2 vols., folio, with many plates). Fournier the younger published in 1760 his “Observations” on the “Vindicise Typographicse ” (Paris. 8vo.). Besides the above-mentioned works, Schoepflin published a large number of pamphlets, of which the greater part were republished in a volume, under the title of “ Com- mentationes,” & c. (Basle : 1741. 4to.). M. le Beau pronounced a eulogy on Schoepflin, and Oberlin wrote, under the title of “ Musseum Schoepflinianum,” a description of the library left to the city of Strasbourg by this eminent writer. Although Schoepflin’s great work is almost beyond the scope of this Biblio¬ graphy, in the interests of the student of the history of printing, who will most likely refer to the materials therein con¬ tained, we may state that the title-page reads : “Alsatia Illustrata, Celtica, Romana, Francica ; auctor Jo. Daniel Schoepflinus, consil. et historiographus regius, histor. et eloq. professor Argent. ; regise inscriptionum ut et anglic. petro- polit. ac Gorton. Academiarum socius. C'olmarise, ex typographia regia. 1751.” The work, which is written in Latin, forms two noble folio volumes, embel¬ lished with maps, views, and diagrams. At the end of each volume is an Index Auctorum and an Index Rerum. A fine edition in French was published at Mulhouse, 1849-52, in 5 vols. 8vo. under the title, “ L' Alsace Illustree, ou recherches sur l’Alsace pendant la domi¬ nation des Celtes, des Romains, des Francs, des Alleinands, ct des Frai^ais, par J. D. Schoepflin, traduction de L. W. Ravenez.” It is profusely illustrated with maps, plans, and portraits ; among the latter, one of Schoepflin. The matter relative to Gutenberg is contained in the fourth and fifth volumes ; and, as the work throughout is admirably indexed, refer¬ ence to any subject is rendered quite easy. An abridged translation, but one es¬ pecially useful to the ordinary student, was published at Colmar, in 1825. The title is, “ Histoire des dix villes jadis fibres et imperiales de la prefecture de Hagenau ; savoir : — Hagenau, Colmar, Schlettstadt, Landau, Wissembourg,Ober- nay, Rosheim, Munster, Keysersberg, ct Turckheim. Selon Schoepflin.” 4 vols. 8vo. (The title on the wrapper begins, “ Histoire d’ Alsace.”) In the preface it is remarked that Schoepflin is one of the men whom Alsace has great reason for honouring. His “Alsatia Ilustrata,” issued in the middle of the eighteenth century, was not a book made up from books, it was derived from original sources. The voluminous records of the province were ransacked ; even the docu¬ ments belonging to the smallest villages were carefully examined. His work is characterised not only by great learning, but extraordinary zeal. It seemed to the translator a pity that persons interested in Alsace, who were not conversant with Latin, should be deprived of the vast stores of information collected by. Schoepflin ; hence the preparation of this rendering. — See Baer, Fournier, Lichtenber- ger, and Strasbourg; also, in Supple¬ ment, Hessels. Scholtze (Heinrich). Specimen Bibliothecae Arabicse de Typo¬ graphy Arabicis. Hamburg : 1740. qto. Schook(C. ). Verzameling van woorden. Gorinchem : i860. 2 parts. i6mo. The second part is entitled— - Handboekje voor Letterzetters, Boekdrukkers en Correctors. Gorinchem : i860. i2mo. 0 2 THE PRlNfiNG TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 1 i [Jan. 15, 18 Schopperus (Hartinamius). De Omnibus Illiberalibus sive Mechanicis artibus. Francofurti ad Moenum : 1574. 8vo. 132 woodcuts by Jost Amman, repre- the Printer’s page attributes the origin of senting artificers at work at their different printing to Mayence. The work possesses trades, each with a descriptive Latin great interest, as the Dedication is writ- verse Three of the cuts are devoted ta ten by a celebrated printer, “Sigismundus the Letter Founder, the Engraver, and Feyrabend, civis et bibliopola, Franc- the Printer respectively. The verse on furdianus.” — See Sachs (Hans). STRASBOURG: 1490-1498. Schott (Martin). The device of this printer, which we annex, consists of a cabbage, with the letters M and S on the left and right, respectively, of the stalk. Schottgen (Christian). Der loblichen Buchdrucker-Gesellschafft zu Dressden Jubel-Geschichte, a. 1740, den 24. und 25. Junii. Dres¬ den : 1740. 4to. pp. 64. Consists of a short historical sketch, with many metrical pieces written in praise of Typography. - Historie derer Dresdenischen Buchdrucker. Wobey zugleich alie Hohen Gonner und Freunde der edlen Buchdruckerkunst das Dritte Jubel-Fest derselben, am Tage Johannis des Taufers 1740, bey Anhorung einigerTeutschen Reden und Music feyerlichst zu bsgehengehormsamst ersucht. Dressden : 1740. 4to. pp. 32. A short history of the printers of Dresden ; intended as an introductory pamphlet for the celebration of the third centenary of the invention of Printing. [Schrag (J. Adam).] Bericht von Erfmdung der Buch-Truckerey in Strassburg. Strassburg : 1640. 4to. 37 leaves, unnumbered. Translated into Latin, and printed in Wolf’s “ Monumenta,” vol. ii., pp. 1-67, under the following title : — Historia Typographiae Argentorati inventae, 1640. Schrag’s theory is that Mentel invented Printing at Strasbourg. — See note to Koster. We copy from Mr. Hessels’ “Guten¬ berg,” p. 95, where he speaks of the Discourse of Joh. Friedr. Faust von Aschaffenburg, the following note : — “Meerman informs us(Orig. typ. 1765, ii. 216) that ‘ Henr. Christ. Baron von Senckenberg had sent him a similar Discourse, which Ad. Schrag had added with his own hand to his Dissertation von Erfindung der Buchdruckerey in Strasburgt Strassb. 1640, of which Schrag declared that it had been communicated Schramm (Christoph). Buchdru Offenbach. (1880.) 16:110. to him after the publication of his Essay, and had been taken from the authentic documents of the Faust Family preserved at Frankfurt on the Main. It varies somewhat, especially in style, from [the one usually cited] ; nor is it so full as regards certain circumstances, though in substance it comes to the same. Hence we may conclude that the descendants of Joh. Faust altered and amplified it, and that Schrag had obtained an older, Kohler a more recent, text.’ “ I have inquired of the Librarian at the Hague whether this copy of Schrag’s Dissertation had come into the Meerman Westreenen Museum, and have been in¬ formed that it is not there. It does not seem to have been inserted in the Meerman Sale Catalogue of 1824.” ;kfarben. Proben der Fabrik in An album of 105 leaves. Schreuser (Heinrich). Leistungen der Universitat und Stadt Frei¬ burg im Breisgau fur Biicher- und Landkartendruck. Festrede gehalten bei der vierten Sacularfeier der Typographic am 24. Juni 1840. Freiburg im Breisgau. 8vo. pp. 28. The author was a Professor at the University of Freiburg. SCHREIBER (Thomas Johann). Erstlinge der Tubelfeyer in Danzig wegen der vor dreihundert Jahren erfundenen Buchdruckerey, zu Gottes Ehren und des Nachsten Nutzen im Jahr 1740 nach Christi Geburth, theils dargebracht, theils veranlasset und verleget. [Danzig: 1740.] 4to. 49 leaves not paged. Includes a list of the printers of Datttzig from 1539 to 1740, and a large quantity of other curious typographical matter. Schrettinger (Martin). Uebersicht der verschiedenen Meinungen tiber den Ursprung der Buchdruckerkunst, von Burger Daunou. [In “ Beitrage zur Geschichte der Literatur,” by J. C. v. Aretin, vol. v., pp. 161-224 and 273-326. Miinchen : 1805. 8vo.] Schrevei. (Dirk). Harlemum, sive urbis Harlemensis, incunabula, incrementa, fortuna varia, in pace, in bello. Hamorum et Asselorum factio. Obsidiones. Reformationis cruda initia. Consilia politica. Schismata ecclesiastica. Tempora Lycestriana. Statuta antiqua. Comitum privilegia gratiosa. Regimen politicum, eccle- siasticum, oeconomicum, militare, et scholasticum. Lugduni- Batavorum : 1647. 4to. Engraved frontispiece, containing a portrait of Koster ; p. xviii. The invention of printing is the subject of pp. 270-272, to the glorification of Koster. Schrift - Probe, oder Verzeichniss dererjenigen deutsch lateiiv griechisch u. russ. Schriften, welche seit 1755 soivol aus Deutsch¬ land (Leipzig) verschrieben sind, wie auch in St. Petersburg gegossen, als auch allhier in Moscou verfertiget und itzt in d. k. Moscow. Universitats-Buchdruckery vorhanden sind, nebst Ab- druck derer zur Auszierung gebrauchl. Roschen, Vignetten, Figuren, zum ersten Mahl aufgesetzt von T. S. Hojer. Moscou (im Weinmonat) : 1761. Folio. 8 leaves. Frzb. Schrift- und Feder-Probe eines Buchdruc kers. Ein officielles Vergissmeinnicht, den Freunden der Presse verehrt vom Verfasser. 2te fragmentarische Ausgabe. Rudolstadt : 1876. 4to. pp. iv. 368. The author is the proprietor of the printing-office of the late Rui. Froebcl and is printer to the Prince of Rudolstadt. Schrift en Schrijfkunst. Het boekdrukken, hout-, kopsr-, staal graveerkunst, het steendrukken en het boekbinden. Leiden : 1874. 8vo. With engravings. Schrijver (Pieter). Batavia Illustrata, seu de Batavorum insula, Hollandia, Zelandia, Frisia, territorio Trajectensi et Gelria, scriptories varii notee melioris nunc primum collecti, simulque editi, ex museo Petri Scriverii. Lugduni Batavorum, apud Ludovicum Elzevirium. 1609. 4to. This celebrated work consists of several and pp. 40 respectively. The book is parts, with separate pagination. Thus embellished with a series of rude wood- Batavia has pp. viii. 232 ; Holland, cuts. There is a copy in the British pp. 184 ; and two supplements of pp. 56 Museum, 10271 c. - Bibliothecae Scriverianx Catalogus. Amsterdam: 1663. 4to. — Lavre-Crans voor Lavrens Coster van Haerlem, Eerste vindev vande Boeck-Drvckery. Tot Haerlem. 1628. 4to. pp. 124. This, the first edition, was, with an additional twenty-four pages, reprinted the same year at the end of Ampzing’s “ Beschrijvinge” (see Ampzing). The frontispiece consists of a copper¬ plate portrait headed “Johannes Zu- renus. Ao. Aetat. 71. Domini 83,” and at the foot being the lines — Corporis efifigiem expressit quam Golt- zius sere, Heemskerkus docta pinxit et ante manu. Tunc inerat formse florenti gratia major : Plurima nunc faciem ruga senilis arat. On the title-page is a vignette, in which are introduced, on the left— a male figure with a spade, emblematic of Labour ; on the right — a female figure with a book and a whip, symbolical, we presume, of “compulsory education.” At the foot is a little picture of a school. The mottoes are: “labore et diligentia” ; “gramatica.” In the centre is a representation of the old wooden press, one man pulling, the other working the balls. Opposite page 4 is the now celebrated portrait— “ Laurentius Costerus Harle¬ mensis, primus artis typographic® inven¬ tor circa annum 1440.” At the foot are these lines : — Vana quid archetypos et prsela Mo- guntia jactas ? Harlemi archetypos prselaque nata scias. Extulit hie, monstrante Deo, Laurentius artem Dissimulare virum hunc, dissimulare Deum est. P. Scriverius. There are also the words : — J. V. Campen pinxit ; J. V. Velde sculpsit. Opposite page no is another copper¬ plate engraving, representing “Typo- graphia Harlemi primum inventa circa annum 1440,” with the inscription : — Schroeder (Johannes Henricus). in Suecia. Upsala: 1842. 4to. C urrat penna best, tantum vix scribitur anno Quantum uno reddunt prsela Batava die. Addidit inventis aliquid Germania tantis : Hollandus ccepit Theuto peregit opus. P. Scriver ius. The other lettering consists of the words : Zaenredam inven1 ; Velde sculp. The composition generally is nearly similar to that of the picture by Baditis Ascensius. On the left hand is a man distributing ink on the balls: in the centre is the pressman : on the right a compositor. The press is not one of the pattern which Gutenberg is sup¬ posed to have used. It has several mechanical improvements, such as the rounce, and the bent handle for bringing down the platen. The pressman has a step on the floor to give assistance to the pull. The compositor is repre¬ sented with a composing-stick in his left hand ; the copy is before him, and he uses a visorium. He sits on a bench. The cases, upper and lower, have boxes of unequal size. The engraving is ad¬ mirably executed. At the end of the work is a statement to the effect that, on a stone in the front of the house in the market-place, former¬ ly belonging to Koster but then in the possession of Cornelius Dabbius, a bar¬ rister, there was then the following in¬ scription in gilt letters : — MEMORISE SACRVM. TYPOGRAPHIA, ars artivm omnivm conservatrix, hie primvm inventa, M.CCCC XXIIX. inscriptio saxi, de quo Serarius lib. i, cap. v. Moguntia ab antiqvo neqvam. Incunabula Artis Typographic® pp. 31 and 9 plates. Describes all the works of the first presses in Sweden. Schroeder (W.). Album des Gutenberg-Festes zu Hannover im Jahre 1840. Herausgeg. von den Hofbuclidruckern Gebriidern Janecke. Hannover: 1840. 8vo. pp. vi. 198. 1 plate. At the end an interesting list of books is appended. Sciiroedter (Em. Christianus). De typograpbia disputatio. Wit* tenbergae : 1697. 4to. 8 unnumbered leaves. Reprinted in Wolf, “ Monumenta Typographica,” vol. ii., pp. 614-632. Sciiroen (Wolffgang Adolph). Kurtzer Entwurff der Historie von der Hoch-Fiirstlich Sachsen-Weimarischen IIof-Buohdruckerey. [In Weber’s “ Weimarischer Beytrag zur feyerlichen Begehung Jan. 15, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 13 des dritten Jubelfestes einer wohlloblichen Buchdruckerkunst.” Weimar: 1740. 8vo. pp. 53-112.] Also published in the Allgemeiner Typographischer Monatsbericht. - Occasione Novte quae Constantinopoli est exstructa Typo- graphiae. Vinariae : 1731. Small 4to. Schroth (J. T.). Mustersammlung fiir Romische Schrift in 9 Bliit- tem fiir Kupferstecher, Lithographen, &c. Small 4to. Dresden : 1846. Schubert (F. L.). Marsch zum Festzuge der iv. Saecularfeier der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst zu Leipzig. Fiir Pianoforte. Leipzig : 1840. Large 4to. Schubert (Gust.). Die Reichsdruckerei in Berlin. [In the Garten - lanbe, 1881, No. 26.] Schuchardt (Charles). Une Fete typographique. Anniversaire semi-seculaire de M. Charles Schuchardt, Imprimeur. Geneve : 1879. 8vo. pp. 32, with frontispiece and medal in photography. Art interesting little brochure narrating the ceremonies and speeches upon the 50th anniversary of M. Schuchardt’s entrance on his typographical career. Schuchardt (Christian). Lucas Cranach des Aeltern Leben und Werke. Nach urkundlichen Quellen bearbeitet. 2 vols. Leipzig : 1851. 8vo. Vol. i., pp. xvi. 311 ; vol. ii., pp. vi. 365. Reproductions by photography of the principal works of Cranach the elder (whose real name was L. Lunder) were issued in folio, 1868, by C. Schuchardt, entitled “ Sammlung photographirter Nachbildung Cranach’scher, &c.” - Revision der Akten iiber die Frage : Gebiihrt die Ehre der Erfindung des Papierabdruckes von gravirten Metallplatten den Deutschen oder den Italienern? Leipzig: 1858. 8vo. Woodcuts. Schuderoff (Dr. Jul.). Vier Predigten vom Gutenberg- bis zum Amts-Jubel-Feste. 1840. Neustadt a. d. O. : 1841. 8vo. pp. x. 48. Schueck (Julius). Aldus Manutius und seine Zeitgenossen in Italien und Deutschland. Im Anhange : Die Familie des Aldus bis zu ihrem Ende. Berlin: 1862. 8vo. pp. viii. 151. Schuegraf (J. R.). — See Pangkofer und Schuegraf. Schultz (Christ.). Bey dem hundertjahrigen Erneurungsfeste der belobten Buchdruckerey, welche das angesehene Reussnerische Geschlecht feyerlich begehet, hat dem edlen Stamme desselben in geringen Gedanken seine Ergebenheit bezeigen wollen. Ivonigs- berg : 1740. Folio. 1 sheet. Schultz (Otto August). Gutenberg, oder Geschichte der Buch¬ druckerkunst von ihrem Ursprung bis zur Gegenwart. Eine Festgabe fur jeden Gebildeten zur vierten Saecularfeier des Typendrucks. Leipzig : 1840. 8vo. pp. iv. 123. 8 woodcuts, - 0— <*■ - - ANOTHER REPRODUCTIVE PROCESS, Hall’s Method. HE Anastatic process of reproduction of printed matter is now some forty years old, and has at various times been modified by experimenters with more or less success. Photo-lithography, how¬ ever, is so convenient in practice, having been found capable of reproducing in altered dimensions and from ordinary pen-and-ink drawings, that it has been widely and almost exclusively employed, and the older process has never had the amount of attention paid to it that its importance deserves. One great advantage of the Anastatic method is that it is quite independent of daylight or indeed of any light. It is purely based on ordinary chemical affinities, and can therefore be employed under ordinary circumstances. Its principle is founded on the fact that printing-ink, however old, is insoluble in ordinary acids and solutions of salts. If, therefore, a piece of printed paper be wetted with an acid or solution of a salt, the part printed upon rejects it, and if it be applied to a zinc plate the acid or salt acts upon the zinc plate where there is no printing, and there only ; hence it will be seen that there must be many possible modes of employing this principle. Some of course will be more successful than others, and the same process in the hands of different manipulators will vary in its results. Our attention has been recently drawn to this process by the examination of a large number of most excellent specimens shown us by Mr. C. Henry Hall, of Berlin, a gentleman of American origin, long resident in Germany ; he is the inventor of the Pulsometer, and a person of general scientific attainments. Mr. Hall claims to be well acquainted with the labours of others in this field, and to have discovered a process that is at once simple, effective, and certain. For the present he holds it a secret, but undertakes the reproduction of any ordinary books, whether illustrated or not ; the finest class of steel and copper en¬ gravings we believe he does not attempt, but any thing that can be in its original form printed by lithography, or type, or woodcuts, he can successfully reproduce. The numerous samples we have seen cover a wide field, and were certainly faithful copies of the originals which accompanied them. Some most important and valuable works have been entrusted to Mr. Hall, the originals of which have received no injury, amongst which may be mentioned Albert Diirer’s “ Passion of Our Lord,” a series of twelve wood engravings of very large size, which would doubtless pass as original impressions were the paper only a little soiled and stained. We make no apology for introducing Mr. Hall’s process of reproduction to our readers, as our duty lies in making all matters relating to the art of lithography and printing as widely known as our journal’s circulation, and that is all the world over. - 5 ■■'tS ^ C*»-€ - THE LATE PIERRE ALAUZET, ON the occasion of the New Year, the well-known Paris engineering firm of Alauzet presented their clients with a medallion of the founder of their house, the late M. Pierre Alauzet, the famous printer’s engineer. The portrait, of which we append a reproduction, is an excellent likeness of the deceased. M. D. Puech, a sculptor of merit, was commissioned to produce a medallion-portrait in low relief, and has executed his commission with great skill. The sentiment which induced the firm to present a portrait of its able originator to their customers is a commendable one, and does honour to the living as well as the dead. 14 THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Jan. is, 1883. THE FORTHCOMING PRINTERS’ EXHIBITION. OME few years ago the experiment of holding annual Industrial Exhibitions was tried at South Kensington ; but, although the scheme was under high patronage, it was a failure and had to be abandoned. Since then the project has been revived with some success in the form of Trade Exhibitions at the Agricultural Hall, where one devoted to the Printing trades was held two years running (1880-81). Mr. Dale, who had set on foot and managed both these exhibitions, lately notified his intention of organising a third one during the coming summer. This project has not, however, recom¬ mended itself to some of the firms who had been represented at those previously held, it being urged on their part that the frequent repetition of such exhibitions was injudicious and needless. A meeting of some of the leading members connected with the Trades concerned was consequently convened for the 20th ult., at Anderton’s Hotel, Fleet- street, to consider the matter, and the following report of the proceedings has been condensed from the Printers' Register. The meeting, says our contemporary, had been called by means of a circular signed by Messrs. Caslon & Co., Cattell & Co., Day & Collins, Durable Roller Co., John Esson, C. Goodall & Son, Harrild & Sons, Hughes & Kimber, Lawrence Bros., Miller & Richard, J. M. Powell & Son, Richardson, Koolman, & Isger, Charles Reed & Sons, Joseph Richmond & Co., C. G. Squintani & Co., John Swain, F. Ullmer, and approved by Messrs. W. Dawson & Sons, Fieldhouse, Elliott, & Co., George Mann & Co., Payne & Sons, and Furnival & Co. The circular intimated that the following resolution would be proposed: — “That this meeting, being of opinion that the proposed Printing and Stationery Trades’ Exhibition is unnecessary, cannot be successful, and is being forced upon the Trades without their desire or consent, hereby requests Mr. Robert Dale, its promoter, to abandon his project.” At the meeting the following gentlemen attended : —Messrs. Arundell (Arundell & Marshall), Day (Day & Collins), Dore (Chas. Goodall & Son), Gerlach (Brehmer &Co.), Kimber (Hughes & Kimber), Koolman (Richardson, Koolman, & Isgar), Hamilton (Eyre & Spottiswoode), Marler (Durable Roller Co. and Lawrence Bros. ), Pollard (G. Mann & Co,), D. T. Powell (J. M. Powell & Son), Powrie (Furnival & Co.), Richmond (Joseph Richmond & Co.), C. G. Squintani, W. Stonhill, J. Swain, and F. Ullmer. Mr. D. T. Powell having been elected to the chair, said he had taken the initiative in calling the meeting because he had heard on all sides expressions of opinion against the holding of the Exhibition pro¬ posed by Mr. Robert Dale for 1883. Some of the most influential firms in the trade had appended their signatures to the circular con¬ vening it. Mr. Tuer, of the Paper and Printing Trade Journal , had written him saying that he having asked all the previous exhibitors, only 25 had reported themselves in favour of an Exhibition next year, 8 were neutral, and 153 were against the project. He moved the resolution referred to in the circular, which was seconded by Mr. F. Ullmer, who said he entirely agreed with it, and felt sure all the trade did so too. On being put to the meeting it was carried unanimously. Mr. Joseph Richmond proposed the following resolution : — “That an Exhibition be held not oftener than once in seven years.” He was quite sure once in seven years was often enough for a Printers’ Exhibi¬ tion, and when the trade wanted another he hoped they would manage it themselves and hand the proceeds, if there were any, to the trade charities. Mr. Day (Day & Collins) seconded the resolution. A suggestion was then made that “five years” be substituted for “seven years,” but the opinion of the majority was in favour of retaining the latter. The resolution was carried unanimously. Some gentleman having said he was sorry Mr. Dale was not present, the Chairman explained that a copy of the notice convening the meeting had been sent to Mr. Dale, and that it had been hoped he would be present to lay his views before the meeting. Mr. Powell then said a short document had been prepared which some of them might like to sign : they would, however, please them¬ selves as to that, for he would not influence them in the matter at all. It was as follows: — “We, the undersigned, hereby agree with each other, individually and collectively, that we will not take part in a Printers’ or Stationers’ Exhibition in London during the year 1883. As witness our signatures hereto appended. Dec. 20th, 1882.” This agreement was immediately signed on behalf of the following firms : — John Swain, Hughes & Kimber, The Durable Printers’ Roller Co., Lawrence Bros., Frederick Ullmer, C. G. Squintani, Day & Collins, Furnival & Co., Richardson, Koolman, & Isger, Joseph Richmond & Co., G. Mann & Co., and Eyre & Spottiswoode. It has since been signed by or on behalf of Messrs. Miller & Richard, H. W. Caslon & Co., Chas. Reed & Sons, T. J. Lawrence, J. M. Powell & Son, Harrild & Son, W. Notting, A. S. Cattell, and is still in course of signature. On the motion of the Chairman, seconded by Mr. Squintani, the following gentlemen were elected to form a Committee to lay the resolutions before Mr. Dale, and to act generally in the matter in the interests of the trade : — Messrs. F. Ullmer, R. Kimber, E. T. Marler, J. Richmond, R. Day, and D. T. Powell. Mr. Ullmer moved, and Mr. Marler seconded, a cordial vote of thanks to the Chairman, Mr. Ullmer declaring his belief that Mr. Powell’s action in the matter would save them a great many pounds. Mr. Powell having briefly returned thanks, the proceedings terminated. Subsequent to the meeting above referred to, Mr. Dale has written to us as follows : — Dear Sir, — Printing , Stationery, Paper-Making, and Kindred Trades' Exhibition and Market, 1883. As I have been informed that certain doubts have been expressed as to the above Exhibition being held, I shall be obliged if you will allow, me, through the medium of your columns, to state emphatically that such Exhibition will be held, and that already several of the most important positions in the building have been secured by some of the largest houses in the trade. — I am, See., Robert Dale. Agricultural Hall, London, N Jan. 1, 1883. A very legitimate protest has been made ; nevertheless, there being now no further uncertainty as to the holding of the Exhibition, it seems to us that the best course for all parties to adopt is to endeavour to render the enterprise a success, and one which shall be creditable to the important industries it will seek to represent. - #-«« «• o-e - SOCIAL REUNIONS. ORE than the usual number of social reunions in connexion with the Printing trade have been held since our last number went to press. First in chronological order comes the tenth annual dinner of the members of the Gresham Press Rowing Club ( employes of Messrs. Unwin Brothers, printers), which was held at the One Swan Tavern, Bishopsgate, when a numerous company sat down. The vice-president of the club, Mr. E. Unwin, occupied the chair, whilst the duties of the vice-chair devolved upon Mr. W. B. Marr. Subsequent to the removal of the cloth a well-arranged programme was proceeded with, the various toasts being received with enthusiasm. Mr. G. Hubert and Mr. R. J. Elliston were the stewards. - The annual dinner of Waterlow & Sons’ (Limited) Cricket and Rowing Clubs took place at the Holborn Restaurant, between 250 and 300 employes of the firm attending. Captain George Waterlow (2nd London) was chairman, and Mr. P. H. Waterlow, vice-chairman, supported by Mr. David Waterlow, Mr. Bell, Mr. Bass, Mr. Milne, Mr. Syers, Mr. Bennett, Mr. Caton, Mr. Failing, Mr. Bone (the stewards), and a numerous company of guests.- — — -The City of London and Stationers’ Schools Old Boys’ Cycling Clubs held a joint supper and social evening at the Champion Hotel, Aldersgate-street. Mr. Kershaw, captain of the City of London School Old Boys’ Bicycling Club, occupied the chair, and Mr. Danell, captain of the Stationers’ School Old Boys Cycling Club, was in the vice-chair. - On the 15th ult., at Anderton’s Hotel, a number of members of the London Press entertained at dinner Mr. J. Goodenough Taylor, on his retiring from the Parliamentary staff of the Morning Post to become part proprietor of the Sristol Daily Times and Mirror. Mr. G. M. Bussey presided. - On the 16th ult. the wood-engravers of London held their annual dinner at the Cock Tavern, Ludgate-hill, when Mr. II. Thornhill, editor of the Pictorial World occupied the chair. - Messrs. Jonathan Bracken & Sons, paper-makers, of Dean Mills, Midgley, gave, on the 23rd ult., a Christ¬ mas treat to their hands, along with their wives and friends. Upwards of 200 sat down in the Congregational church school-room, Booth, to a knife-and-fork tea. Mr. R. Bracken took the chair, Major Farrar, Mr. Bracken’s son-in-law, being vice-chairman. The chairman opened the proceedings with an able speech, giving an outline of the trade at Dean Mills during the last century, when his late father commenced business as a manufacturer, cotton-spinner, and paper-maker. Mr. R. Midgley also spoke. The evening was agreeably spent in singing and other amusements. - Sir J. Causton & Sons, of Eastcheap, entertained the members of their staff to dinner, cn the 28th, at the Albion. Mr. R. K. Causton, M.P., presided. - An interesting gathering in con¬ nexion with the Albert Steam Printing Works, Birmingham, took place on Thursday, December 28th, 1882, at the White Horse Hotel,' Birmingham, the occasion being a complimentary dinner, given by Mr. Frederick Grew and his employes, to Mr. Samuel Edmonds, on resigning his appointment as representative to the firm, a post which he had held for fourteen years. About seventy sat down to dinner. Mr. F. W. Grew occupied the chair. The vice-chair was filled by Mr. William Meeson, the oldest employe of the firm. After the removal of the cloth, and honouring the usual loyal toasts, the chairman, in proposing the health of Mr. Edmonds, spoke of the happy relations that had characterised his lengthened connexion with the firm. Mr. Edmonds had occupied not merely the position of a servant but of a friend and confidential adviser. His connexion could not be severed without a severe wrench to the feelings. In conclusion, Mr. Grew presented to Mr. Edmonds, on behalf of the firm, and as a mark of its appreciation of his services, a handsome time-piece bearing the follow¬ ing inscription : — “ Presented to Mr. Samuel Edmonds on resigning his appointment as Representative of the Firm after Fourteen years’ Jan. 15, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 15 faithful and honourable service, by Frederick Grew, Albert Steam Printing Works, Birmingham.” Mr. Thos. W. Downing, in support¬ ing the toast, bore testimony to the esteem of the employes, and on their behalf presented to Mr. Edmonds a richly-gilt and plated inkstand suitably inscribed. Mr. Edmonds, in response, said he could not thank them adequately for their unexpected gifts. He would say merely that he had endeavoured to do his duty, and it was very gratifying to him that his efforts had been appreciated in so handsome a manner by the firm and its workpeople. Mr. John Grew proposed “ Prosperity to the Firm.” He sketched the gradual growth of the concern from its establishment in 1854, by the late principal, Mr. Fredk. Grew, to its present position as one of the leading firms in the Birmingham printing trade. Mr. S. Edmonds followed with suitable remarks, and Mr. R. Mason also spoke to the toast, which was responded to by Mr. F. W. Grew, who said the firm had the fullest desire to retain its present high reputation. Mr. C. Preston in proposing the toast of “The Craft,” said that he claimed the toast which he had the honour to pro¬ pose as “ the toast,” for if the craft which they practised so successfully, and by which they earned their daily bread, were not the toast of the evening, he should like to know which was. Mr. J. C. Macmillan supported the toast, and speaking as a printer of thirty years’ experi¬ ence, bore testimony to the worthy place which the firm occupied in the opinion of the speaker and the craft generally. Mr. H. J. Gristwood (manager of Messrs. Spicer & Sons’, Birmingham House), said that he imagined his connexion with the toast was because he was one of those who supplied an indispensable adjunct to the printer’s art. As regarded Mr. Edmonds, the speaker said he had formed a particularly good impression of his business abilities and exertions for his employers. The toast of “ The Visitors ” was duly honoured, being responded to by Mr. Edward Bickley and Mr. Edwin Grew. “The Press” was proposed in an earnest and eloquent speech by Mr. Fredk. Derry, F.R.A.S., F.R.G.S. Mr. John Graves supported the toast in a witty speech. It was now some sixteen years since he first took his present position as representative of Benjamin Winstone & Son. He said he was to the press what the blower (who supplied the wind) was to the organist, when the former said, “Shall it be ‘we,’ then?” for he supposed the printer’s art could not be practised were there no supply of printer’s-ink. Mr. W. Y. Marston (editor of the Iron Trade Circular) was more used to the expression of his thoughts with the pen than by speeches. The press, as had been already observed, exercised a wide-spread power in the world. Reverting to a facetious remark by an earlier speaker, he instanced as having come under his own observation the North Georgia Gazette, which, though a temporary publication, marked, he believed, the northern limit which the Press had reached, for it was printed within measurable distance of the North Pole. Several other toasts followed, and a capital selection of vocal and instrumental music was given by friends present. - - Dr. Mackay — not the song writer — celebrated last month the second anniversary of the opening of the Warrington Guardian Works at Warrington by entertaining 200 of the adult employes at a soiree and ball. Advantage was taken of the occasion by them to mark their regard and esteem for Mr. Thomas Robinson, the general manager. The proceedings took place in the Workmen’s Club, Market-place, with which, as previous head-quarters, the early career and success of the Guardian are closely associated. Commencing at five o’clock, an excellent tea was partaken of, followed by the formal presentation to Mr. Robinson of a handsome silver tea and coffee service. - On Saturday evening, January 6th, a very large party of friends and employes assembled, at the invitation of Mr. and Mrs. Hazell and Mr. and Mrs. Viney, at a social gathering at Myddelton Hall, Islington. After tea and other refreshments a concert commenced, which included an instrumental selection from “ Patience,” “ Olivette,” &c. Miss Costin’s rendering of “Tit for Tat” was so appreciated that she was encored. Mr. Batchelor’s singing was also much applauded. The vocal concerted pieces were very well rendered. The performance of Sheridan’s comedy, “The Rivals,” by members of the Aylesbury Printing Works Institute, followed. Where all did so well it may seem invidious to specify any ; but we cannot help mentioning the excellent acting of Mr. Jowett as Sir Anthony, Mr. Taylor as Captain Absolute, Mrs. Bridges as Lydia, and Miss Hackwell as Julia. Dancing followed the comedy, and to the strains of the National Anthem the party broke up at eleven o’clock, after a most pleasant evening. - »-»♦»-• - (Sngftejj 2f°^nSe* Mr. W. O’Brien, editor of United Ireland, is a candidate for the Parliamentary representation of Mallow. Mr. Field, the Dublin stationer who was murderously attacked by Fenians a few weeks ago, is slowly recovering, but is as yet unable to leave his room. New Postage Stamps. — On and after January 1st, 1883, all 3d. and 6d. postage stamps issued will be printed in a purple colour, and will be over-printed with their values in red. Spottiswoode Choral Society. — This society gave a concert at the Holborn Town Hall on the 13th ult. There was a good attend¬ ance. Mr. J. Davis conducted, and Mr. F. Walenn presided at the pianoforte. A pleasing instance of integrity of character is given in the City Press. Mr. T. Poulter, wholesale stationer, of Great St. Helen’s, Bishopsgate, failed in the year 1849, and paid ios. in the pound. He has now paid the balance in full. We regret to hear that Mr. J. C. Chambers, editor of Land and Water, is suffering from a breakdown of the nervous system, the effects of overwork, and has been ordered by his medical advisers to take a year’s rest and to winter abroad. Messrs. Abel Heywood & Son, of Manchester, have commenced the publication of a collected edition of the works of Mr. Benjamin Brierley, one of the most prolific of the Lancashire litterateurs, and the editor of the Lancashire serial Brierley' s Journal. The Antiquary has commenced its eighth volume, and seems to be well appreciated by those to whom it addresses itself. Volume VII. contains a collection of well-written papers on a surprising variety of subjects, and is a book which teems with matters of general as well as merely antiquarian interest. It has been resolved by the Newsvendors’ Benevolent Association to take advantage of the next annual meeting to commemorate the warm interest felt in newsvendors by the late Mr. John Francis, the publisher of this journal. The memorial will very likely take the form of additional annuities for distressed newsvendors. — Athenceum. The Bibliographer for the coming year promises a series of articles on a scheme for a general Catalogue of Periodical Literature by Cornelius Walford, F.S.S., which will prove of great interest ; also on Benjamin Franklin, by Edward Solly ; on the earlier Book Auctioneers ; beside notes on Privately Printed Books, by W. P. Courtney. Mr. Alfred J. Abrahams, of 7, Houndsditch, London, sends us a numerous collection of specimens of his typographical handiwork, not deficient in general m^jit. The “display” is mostly good, but some of the examples are poorly worked and have not been carefully “warehoused.” These points remedied, Mr. Abrahams’ work will do him infinitely greater credit. Messrs. Falkner & Sons, the old-style printers of Manchester, manage to impart a character to all their publications which bespeaks taste and care in production, and we are able to commend their “Patience” series of Christmas and New Year’s Cards. Every¬ body knows Mr. Gilbert’s words, and many will like the quaint cuts and ornaments with which they are here associated. Dr. Collingridge. — The degree of Doctor of Medicine has been conferred by the University of Cambridge upon William Collingridge, M.A., M.B., S.Sc. Cert. Camb. (Christ’s College), Medical Officer of Health of the Port of London, and eldest son of Mr. W. H. Collingridge of the City Press, to whom we offer our hearty congratula¬ tions on the event. The subject chosen by Dr. Collingridge for thesis was “Scurvy : Its Causes and Prevention.” An Illuminated Lord’s Prayer of more than ordinary merit has been forwarded to us by Mr. A. Johnston, of 6, Paternoster- buildings. The size is large, — 26 by 34 inches — the colouring very agreeable, the ornamental forms in good taste, but the large initial O is hardly so brilliant as its importance demands. It will form a suitable wall-picture for the bedroom, nursery, or school-room. It has been very successfully chromo-lithographed by the Messrs. Johnston, of Edinburgh. A Printing-Office in the New Courts of Justice. — A printing-office has been opened in the new Royal Courts of Justice, from which it is intended to issue day by day an official list containing all the causes for hearing in all the Courts. The list will in form resemble the London Gazette, and will consist of four, eight, or more pages, according to the quantity of matter to be inserted. It is intended that all notices relating to the business of the courts, orders of transfer, and other important orders shall be published in this daily list. Biggs’ Charity. — A meeting of the trustees of the above charity was held on the 3rd inst. at the offices of the Printers’ Corporation, Gray’s-inn-chambers, High Holborn, for the purpose of electing four pensioners upon the charity. The result of the voting showed that Edward Healey, machine-minder, aged 65, William Paul, pressman, aged 77, David Bishop, compositor, aged 77, and Sarah Lockley, aged 64, were the successful candidates out of a list of 30 men and 77 women. Twenty previous elections have been held, and during tile past year the sum of ^425 has been paid in pensions of ^10 per annum. “Mr. Holmsnot,” writes an esteemed correspondent, “is a name which does not, happily, disguise the identity of a citizen as well known in Bread-street as in the House of Commons. It is, however, a very innocent printer’s error which I dare say has puzzled many people uninitiated in typographical technique, who have no idea how two words will occasionally join company as if by magnetic attraction , i6 THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Jam. 15, 1883. As the author of ‘ The British Army in 1875, ’ Mr. W. Holms, M.P., is doubtless familiar with proofs containing far more aggravating mistakes, though I dare say the unfortunate editor of the paper in which the lapse occurred is by this time deluged with letters pointing out that there is no representative in Parliament named ‘ Holmsnot.’ ” The Shorthand Society. — The usual monthly meeting was held at the City Club, Ludgate-circus, on the 3rd inst., Mr. C. Walford, F.S.S., F.I.A., presiding. Mr. Pocknell exhibited a manu¬ script book on the Psalms of David, written in Rich’s system in the seventeenth century ; also a manuscript copy of Timothy Bright’s “ Characterie,” a unique copy of which is in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. The death of Mr. Arends, the noted German stenographer, was announced. Mr. J. B. Rundell read an interesting paper on a new system of Shorthand for Schools, being a joined-vowel system. A discussion followed. The following new members were elected : — Mr. Ford, Mr. Macher, Mr. Napier, and Mr. Harden, of Philadelphia. Proposed Testimonial to Mr. Blanchard Jerrold. — Mr. Jerrold has completed the 25th year of his editorship of Lloyd’s Naas- paper, and it is proposed to offer him a testimonial in appreciation of his advocacy of all the measures which within that time have affected the well-being of the great body of the public. A committee has been formed, of which the following gentlemen are members : — Sir Erasmus Wilson, Mr. W. M'Cullagh Torrens, M.P., Mr. G. A. Sala, Mr. Sutherland Edwards, Mr. J. Fortescue Harrison, Mr. Lister O’Byrne, and Mr. R. J. Biron. Mr. William Pilcher, Marlborough-chambers, Pall-mall, is the Hon. Secretary. It is interesting to recall that Mr. Blanchard’s father, the late genial Douglas Jerrold, was originally a compositor. The Children’s Picture-Books published by Messrs. Dean & Son have had for many years a world-wide reputation, but at no period have they so well deserved it as by their recent issues. Three of those just published are, “The Light of the Nursery,” “ The Tiny Lawn- Tennis Club,” and “ Dottie’s Pets.” Both in drawing and colouring many of the illustrations are very good and a great advance upon former works. To the artistic mind the more simple ones in point of colour and light and shade are distinctly the more satisfactory, though we can well imagine that the more highly-finished will better appeal to the infant taste. From an educational point of view, however, it is very desirable that the young mind should, as far as possible, be nurtured only on pure food, and for that reason the illustrations of their literature should have an artistic impress. Some few of the pictures before us are wanting in this quality, and in one of them the principles of perspective are sadly outraged. The “ Kidder ” Printing - Machine has been previously described by us. We are informed that its varied applications are being constantly increased. It has lately been turned to account for making card boxes from the web or roil, they being made and printed at one operation at the rate of 6,000 per hour. A cylinder perfecting-machine is now being built which is intended to be self-feeding, and will deliver any sheet from one inch square up to the largest newspaper. It will be adjustable from those sizes in two minutes ; will print in two colours, if required ; and is to be adapted to all classes of work, including book and cut work. The “ forms ” are flat, the impression being taken on a cylinder, making the machine available for either type or electro, occupying a floor space of about 5 feet by 6 feet. Great speed will be attainable with dry paper, and the work- turned out will be ready trimmed. Ruling, bronzing, and slitting attachments can be used, rendering the machine suitable for varied classes of work, irrespective of newspapers and book-work. There seems to be a great future before this invention. Belfast Shorthand Writers’ Association. — A public lecture on “Shorthand and Shorthand Writing” was delivered on the 4th inst., under the auspices of this association, by Professor Everett, in the Rosemary-street school-room. There was a numerous attendance. The chair was occupied by Alderman Haslett, J.P., who briefly introduced the lecturer. Professor Everett traced the history of shorthand from the earliest times at which there was any record of its use to the present time, and proceeded to explain the details of his own system, for which he claimed superiority in the essential par¬ ticulars of speed of writing and legibility in reading. He had nursed his system lor thirty years, and, as a proof of its legibility and the ease with which it might be deciphered at any period of time, he read extracts from notes he had taken in 1855. An interesting dis¬ cussion, in which Mr. John Hamill, Mr. J. P. Hay. and other gentle¬ men took part, ensued, and at its close a hearty vote of thanks, on the motion of Mr. S. B. Ritchie, secretary, was awarded to Professor Everett for his able and instructive lecture. Books Published in 1882. — The political excitement and the general trade depression of the pa-t year were not without their influence upon the Printing and Book trades. There was a falling-off in the number of new books as well as of new editions, the former reaching a total of 3,978, against 4,110 in the preceding twelvemonth, and the latter of 1,146, as compared with 1,296 in 1881. In com¬ menting upon these figures, the Publishers' Circular observes that the i extraordinary activity which prevails in the departments of journalism and of periodical literature must make itself felt in the shape of inroads upon the time of readers of books. It is not surprising, therefore, that one should have to notice a pause, as it were, in the growth of figures which one has been accustomed to regard as necessarily on the increase. Indeed, there actually is a falling-off in the production of books proper during 1882. There is no standing out against the statistics as we find them ; but, considering the variety and extent of the rival demands upon attention, the real wonder is that the effect is not more marked. As matters are, it is not improbable that the real value of the literary works of 1882, whether viewed from an intellectual or from a material standpoint, is superior to that of its forerunners. Mr. W. Bates Avery (otherwise John Avery & Co.), of Aberdeen, is not only a local newspaper proprietor and printer of mark, but we opine a very popular personage amongst his neighbours withal, since the holding of a certain “Graunde Okie Englyshe Fayre,” whereof we are furnished the history in a very quaintly printed “ Booke” contain¬ ing many illustrations, borders, and typographical devices, the produc¬ tion of which must have entailed large resources on the part of the “Store” department at No. 14, Gallowgate, Aberdeen. This produc¬ tion has certainly been assisted by various contributors whose names are duly recorded, but we seem to find no difficulty in “read¬ ing between the lines” and in discovering that “ Maister W. Bates Avery ” was not only “ Honorarie Secretarie” and Committeeman and Printer and Editor of this handsome “ Booke of ye Fayre” but a great deal more beside. We trust that so much painstaking has resulted in clearing the “Churche of St. James” of its ^500 indebtedness to its bankers, as well as in promoting a vast deal of innocent merriment and fun amongst our friends in Aberdeen, whose hilarity has not been wont to assume the form that it took upon the occasion under notice. Let us also congratulate Messrs. John Avery & Co. upon their production of something very notable in typography. Proposed Co-operative Association of Printers. — We re¬ ferred last month to a project that had been set on foot among the operative printers of the metropolis, for the purpose of establishing a co-operative printing-office. A meeting to further consider the project has been convened for to-morrow (Tuesday) night, when the following propositions are to be submitted : — 1. That a company be formed among the printers of London, to be called the “Co-operative Asso¬ ciation of Printers.” 2. That the objects shall be the establishment of a printing-office or offices in the metropolis ; employment only to be given to those who are shareholders. 3. That shares shall be issued at the rate of £2. 10s. per share ; 2s. 6d. to be paid on application, 2s. 6d. on allotment, and the remainder by forty-five consecutive weekly payments of is. 4. That on application of not less than fifty shareholders the company shall be registered according to Act of Par¬ liament, and a board of directors formed. 5. That, on receipt of a sufficient number of applications for shares, arrangements shall be made for acquiring premises suitable for a printing-office. 6. That the board of directors shall consist of twelve shareholders, four to retire each year, who shall be eligible for re-election. They shall have power to engage men, purchase plant, and otherwise conduct all preliminary arrangements. The Beckford Library. — With the 12th day’s sale (making 22 from the commencement), Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson, & Hodge com¬ pleted the disposal by auction of the second portion of the Beckford Library. Throughout the sale the high value now set upon rare books and more particularly upon those which furnish at the same time fine examples of bookbinding was noticeable. It was frequently observed that where the book was itself of a trivial nature, or so commonly to be met with as to be of small value, yet was made beautiful by the art of some master like Clovis Eve or Derome, and preserved like a precious gem by a collector of such taste as Mr. Beckford, it brought hundreds of pounds. Still higher was the appreciation of any copy which had belonged to any of the famous collectors and bore their mottoes, as we saw in those which came from the libraries of Grolier, of Maioli, of Thuanus (De Thou), Renouard, and even Beckford, him¬ self, for his manuscript notes never failed to enhance the price of a book. The perfect condition of the fine bindings distinguished the sale, and these are not confined to the two sections which have now passed under the hammer, for there are still many equally choice in the remaining part of the Beckford collection, which is expected to occupy another 10 days in the spring. The sum now to be added is ,£22,340. 3s., making a present grand total of ,£53,840. 3s. The Lord Mayor’s Christmas-Greeting Card. — The Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress issued a “ Christmas-greeting ” card. The subject of the design is Love and Friendship. A female figure representing Friendship stands on the right side holding in her left hand a cornucopia of flowers, a cloud under her feet ; from her right hand a white dove has just been thrown, which is flying towards the spectator, holding in her beak an olive-branch and a scroll bearing the words, “Hearty greeting.” On the left is a figure of Justice leaning on a sword, with the beam held in her right hand. At the top of the card are the arms of the Lord Mayor in their proper heraldic colours, with the motto Virtute et labore, the sword and mace being J^N. Tj, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 17 crossed behind the shield. On either side of the arms are miniature photographs of his Lordship and the Lady Mayoress, delicately tinted and mounted on oval frames, representing lockets, supported by two flying cupids. At the foot of the card is d Wreath of flowers in their natural colours, all emblems of Love and Friendship, the red, yellow, and pink rose, heartease, &c., with the oak-leaf, being most prominent. In the centre of the wreath are two hands in firm and friendly grasp. The background consists of a distant lake and mountains, the rising sun just beginning to illuminate the distant horizon. The design was, according to the City Press, by the Lord Mayor himself, and has been carried out admirably under the superintendence of Messrs. Blades, East, & Blades, of Abchurch-lane. The Art Union of London will issue in February to each sub¬ scriber of one guinea an impression of a large plate (24 in. x 16 in.), “Stolen by Gipsies; The Rescue,” from the original painting by J. B. Burgess, A.R. A., in addition to which every subscriber will have besides a chance of a prize at the annual distribution. In a low Spanish posada, the rendezvous of thieves and gipsies, a barber and another of the gang are giving a lesson in dancing to a pretty child, evidently kidnapped from some family of distinction, two women being engaged in the background in examining the ornaments of which they have rifled the little maiden, the object of her capture being, no doubt, to make money by her display of the accomplishment which they are seeking to cultivate . The few inches of canvas in which much of the interest of the story is concentrated, and which may at first almost escape notice, show the heads of two gendarmes, followed, no doubt, by others, descending the staircase, sweeping down to rescue their prey from these vagabonds. It would be difficult to point out any picture in which the story is more dramatically and feelingly set forth. A line-engraving from this picture, begun by Mr. Charles Jeens, and finished since his death by Mr. Lurnb Stocks, R.A., will be the pre¬ sentation work for the year. We think the Council have chosen a very pleasing subject, and we trust that this fine engraving may be so popular as to bring in new subscribers, and to help forward the excellent work which is being done by the Art Union of London. The Franklin collection of Mr. Henry Stevens, F.S.A., which has been purchased, we believe, for £7, 000 by the Government of the United States, was handed over to Mr. Lowell on Wednesday, the 3rd instant. The whole collection embraces sixty volumes of manuscripts, mostly large folios, and about 300 volumes of printed books. In printed matter the collection can boast of Franklin’s chapter additional to Genesis, his supplement to the Boston Chronicle, twenty-seven numbers of ‘ ‘ Poor Richard’s Almanack,” a complete set of his “ Pocket Almanack,” eight years of the Pennsylvania Gazette, and Franklin’s first work on “Liberty and Necessity,” of which the author printed only one hundred copies, gave three or four away, and destroyed all the rest except one copy annotated by Lyon. Among the numerous MSS. are the celebrated letter to Mr. Strahan, the King’s Printer, and the duplicate copy of the last petition of Congress to the King, signed by Washington and all the members of the Continental Congress, the other copy of which is in the Public Record Office. The volumes of manuscripts are carefully bound, and Mr. Stevens has not only compiled an elaborate slip-index, but has prefixed to each document a slip showing the nature of it, and stating whether it has been printed, &c. The manuscripts are by the terms of the Act of Congress to be deposited in the Hall of Records in the State Department at Washing¬ ton, and the printed books in the Library of Congress. The collection is one of the greatest interest, and is a monument to the care and intelligence of Mr. Henry Stevens, by whom it has been amassed. The Printing Trade of Glasgow. — The total number of men and boys employed in the printing-trade of Glasgow is about 1,500. The crisis of 1877 affected the trade to a considerable extent, and threw a good number of members out of employment The question was then forced on the trade how to render the idle members some pecuniary assistance. The first movement in that direction was to grant an allowance of 7s. 6d. per week to non-employed members, and this was continued until ,£50 had been expended. Trade showing no signs of improvement, a levy of 6d. per week for six weeks was imposed on members in full employment, which realised upwards of ^80. From this sum idle members received, if married, 10s. per week, and 7s. 6d. when unmarried. These tentative measures led to the society agreeing to the formation of an out-of-work fund, to which each member was bound to contribute 2d. per week, the benefit to be received being 8s. for six weeks in each quarter. Payments into this fund began in September, 1879, and disbursements commenced in the month of April, 1880. This system has worked satisfactorily since its commence¬ ment and to some extent influenced the delegate meeting held in 1881 in Dundee, which agreed to adopt a similiar scheme for the whole of Scotland. During the two-and-a-quarter years the local out-of-work fund has been in existence there has been contributed £626, and there has been an expenditure of ^360. According to the Glasgow Herald the experience of 1882 does not warrant the anticipation that there will be fewer demands on the resources of an out-of-work fund in the future. In 1881 there were some indications of returning prosperity, and a prosperous 1882 was looked for; but the tirst few weeks of 1882 showed that prosperous times had not come, and for a considerable portion of the past year there were more unemployed than during the previous general depression of trade. The improvement shared in by many departments of the industrial world has not yet reached the Glasgow printing profession. The year, says our contemporary, certainly closed with what appear to be indications of increased prosperity ; but, bearing in mind past lessons, it would be rash to place hasty reliance on these. Fires,— The Paper and Printing trades have not escaped unscathed from the recent visitation of fires, as will appear from the following record of eight conflagrations that have occurred at printers’, stationers’, &c. : — On the 12th ult. a fire occurred, through a defective flue, at Messrs. Fitch & Co.’s, wholesale stationers, Bury-street, St. Mary Axe, whereby some damage was done to the warehouse on the ground floor. - In the same week a fire broke out at Messrs. Waterlow Bros. & Layton’s, stationers, &c., 48, Upper Thames-street. The damage done was happily but small. - On the 12th a fire broke out on the premises of Messrs. Whiting & Co. (Limited), Beaufort House Printing-office, Sardinia-street. Although it was discovered before it had made much headway, serious damage was done to the machinery and stock. A second fire on the same premises took place on the 4th inst. , when a building of three floors, some 40 feet square, and another of one floor, about 30 feet by 35 feet, were severely damaged by fire, portions of the roofs being also destroyed. The contents are insured. - On the 13th ult. a fire broke out at Strath Paper-Mill, situated a mile east of Galston, Ayrshire, and tenanted by Mr. Robert Craig, paper-maker. The fire spread with great rapidity, and in an hour-and-a-half the greater portion of the mill, consisting of engine- house, calender-room, store, and machinery-house, was completely gutted. The origin of the fire is not known, but it is supposed to have been caused by an oil-barrel getting ignited. The mill was not insured. - On the same day a fire occurred a( Messrs. Hancock’s, printers, Moor-lane, Cripplegate. It was confined to the destruction of a quantity of waste paper and loose timber in the basement. The cause of the outbreak is unknown. - On the 19th a fire took place on the premises of the Norfolk Chronicle. The fire was happily almost immediately observed, and within a few minutes the chief constable and a body of police with a hose-reel were on the spot, and the fire was soon put out, the damage being confined to the room in which it broke out and the one beneath. - On the 31st a fire broke out in a building situate next to that belonging to the Scottish Hospital, in Fleur-de-Lys-court, Fetter-lane, Fleet-street. The premises were occupied by Messrs. Bradley & Co., printers, as a stock warehouse, their working premises being opposite, and fronting Fetter-lane. In the result, the premises were nearly burnt out. The cause of the fire is not known. Calendars, &c. — Mr. C. F. Kell, of Castle-street, Holborn, E.C., issues a calendar having a classically-foliated border, buff on a blue ground, with a pretty landscape in the centre. This is not treated in the modern chromo style. The printings being but few, Mr. Kell has preferred to go back to a style which is not now much in use, viz. , a fairly-finished chalk drawing worked over colours that have been printed from rubbed-in and scraped tints. The result is very agreeable and much like a hand-coloured lithograph. - The calendar for the present year issued by Messrs. Waterlow & Sons, Limited, and called the “ Boudoir Almanack,” does not strike us so agreeably as those of former years. The border is an aquarium-like treatment of marine plants and fishes in buff, having for its centre-piece a sea view of chilly aspect. We do not discover anything in it sufficiently artistic or so strikingly natural as to compensate for its disagreeable tone. - - Messrs. William Strain & Sons, of Great Victoria-street, Belfast, have issued a very gaily-coloured calendar, the central subject being a printer showing a proof to the artist. Both figures are in very bright fancy costumes treated after the style of Missal painting, a coloured-glass window being made to do duty as an advertisement for Messrs. Strain. At the bottom are a view of their works and portraits — rather florid — of Senefelder and Caxton. The whole is highly and beautifully gelatined, which gives the colours their fullest value. Without being either artistic or highly finished, there is a certain amount of brilliancy and vigour in this production which well answers its purpose as an advertising calendar. - One of the prettiest monthly calendars we •have seen comes to us from Messrs. Armitage & Ibbetson, of Bradford. The principal portion of it is occupied by an evening scene, beautiful in colour, representing a portion of Venice*as viewed from a balcony. The whole is milled to imitate rep paper, which gives it a peculiar softness. The monthly calendars are semi-circular, and placed at the top of the picture in such a manner that they can be ultimately cut off without injury to the view. - “ Ephemerides, or the Dayes of the Yeare 1883,” is the title of “an auntiente annualle,” edited by Mr. Edward Walford, M. A., printed byUNWiN Bros., and published by Mr. T. Fisher Unwin. It is a specimen of quaint printing, and consists of 40 pp. super-royal 8vo., printed on Dutch hand-made paper, a material, by the way, which is unfavourable to the press-work of the facsimile reproductions of the ornaments and borders used by Kerver, Froben, and other famous printers, which pervade the publication. D 1 3 THE PRINTING TIMES Mr. Walford’s quaint and happily-chosen literary matter has been very sympathetically set up and displayed by Messrs. Unwin Bros. - Messrs. H. Collings & Co.’s “Year-Book, Directory, and Almanack,'’ contains much local information relating to Bishop Stort- ford and district. It is an octavo of about 150 pages, published at the price of twopence. - The “ Engineer and Building Trades’ Almanack ” for 1883 is brimful of technical data of value to those for whose use it is specially intended. It is published at the price of sixpence by Messrs. A. Heywood & Son, of Manchester. - A neatly got-up leaflet almanack has reached us from the St. Giles’ Printing Company, of 13, Johnston-terrace, Edinburgh. It is printed in red and black, and the register and rule-work are alike creditable. - ©— ^ O - — - A Conviction for Libel Quashed. — Last month we briefly referred to two actions for libel brought by Mr. Starr, a partner in a firm of printers, and reserved a fuller report by reason of a rule nisi for a new trial having then already been granted. The case came again before the Queen’s Bench Division on the 21st ult. The two actions for libel and slander had been originally tried before Mr. Justice Lopes and a special jury, the hearing having occupied five days. The plaintiff is the founder and promoter of the Starr-Bowkett Building Societies, of which at the time of the publication of the alleged libels there were over 500 in existence. Mr. Hall, who is a gentleman residing at Shoreham, having heard from a Mr. Hardy, who had been one. of the directors of the Shoreham 308th Starr-Bowkett Building Society, a description of the principles upon which the societies were carried on and of the manner in which Mr. Starr was connected with the formation of them, had formed a strong opinion that the societies were injurious and pernicious in their effect upon the character of the working men, in whose interest they were professed to be founded ; and that the conduct of Mr. Starr in relation to the societies and the appointment of theofficers was open to the gravest objection ; and, hearing that Mr. Starr was about to form another society in Brighton, a town in which Mr. Hall had property, and which he was frequently in the habit of visiting, attended the meeting at which it had been advertised that Mr. Starr would give a lecture explaining the principles of the societies, with the object of forming a fifth society. It was proved at the trial and admitted by the plaintiff that he was in the habit of taking sums of money varying from £25 to three guineas from the solicitor, secretary, and surveyor for their appointments, which he undertook to obtain for them, and that, having been authorised by the society to order the necessary books, printing, and apparatus for them, he obtained them from a firm of printers called the National and Provincial Printing Company, of which he was the chief partner, who gave him the sum of three guineas for each society that he introduced to them. It was also proved that in one case, after a solicitor had been appointed by a society, Mr. Starr carried on a correspondence with him without informing him that the appointment had been made, with the object of inducing him to pay a sum of money for the appointment, which had in fact already been ratified by the society. The jury found a verdict for the plaintiff in the first action for £ 50 , and in the second action for £200, and the defendant now appeared in support of rules which had been obtained in both cases for a new trial, on the ground that the verdicts were against the weight of the evidence and that the damages were excessive. Mr. Charles Russell, Q.C., Mr. E. Clarke, Q.C., and Mr. Safford appeared to show cause ; and Mr. Matthews, Q.C., Mr. Bompas, Q.C., and Mr. Arnold Morley appeared in support of the rule. It was argued for Mr. Hall that the admitted facts constituted a complete justification of the alleged libels and slanders, it having been held by the leai'ned Judge at the trial that the societies and the plaintiff’s connexion with them were matters of public interest, upon which fair criticism made bond fide would be privileged ; and it was further contended that the defendant was, therefore, entitled to have judgment entered for him in the two actions ; or, if the Court were of opinion that it was still a question for the jury, that he was entitled to have the rule made absolute on the grounds stated in the rule nisi. In the result, the Court, consisting of. Mr. Justice Denman, Mr. Justice Manisty, and Mr. Justice North, held that in the first action there must be judgment for the defendant with costs, on the ground that Mr. Starr, having received money secretly from . the officers of the societies, did thereby betray his fiduciary position, and his conduct was dishonourable, and upon this and the other evidence in the case there was every reason, and unanswerable reason, that the libel was justified, and so there should have been a verdict for the defendant. In the second action the Court made the rule absolute for a new trial, on the ground that the damages were excessive and unreasonable, that the second libel included the ifSt’ the>ry ^av*nff given £50 damages in the latter because they thought the libel was not justified, it was only reasonable to suppose they must have taken this also into consideration in assessing the AND LITHOGRAPHER. cjan. ,s. i8b3. damages in the second action. The facts disclosed in these proceedings serve to show the expedients sometimes adopted to obtain business. Paper not According to Contract.— Annandale v. MacIn¬ tyre & Co. — This case was heard in the Scottish Court of Session on the 19th ult. The plaintiff is a paper-maker at Beltford, near Edinburgh, and he sued Messrs. William MacIntyre, junior, & Co., Paisley, for payment of £130, being the price of a quantity of paper supplied by him. It was stated that defendants accepted delivery of the paper, broke bulk, and then sent it back. Defendants, in answer, said that they only broke bulk to test the quality, which they averred was not only not according to order, but was unsuited for their purposes. Lord Kinnear gave judgment for the defendants on the ground that the paper was not according to contract. Compensation to Printers for Disturbance of Business. — The Lord Mayor’s Court was occupied last month in dealing with a compensation claim arising out of the completion of the Inner Circle Railway. Mr. Grantham, Q.C., and Mr. Castle (instructed by Mr. T. C. Allen) appeared for the plaintiffs, Messrs. Barrett, Sons, & Co., lithographers and printers, of Mark-lane-square and Seething-lane, who claimed for the unfinished term of a lease of twenty-one years from 1874, for trade fixtures and for disturbance of business. The claimants had taken the premises, which had been specially fitted for their trade, at a rental of £420 per annum. This they considered to be worth £600, leaving a profit rental of £180. Capitalised at the usual table (giving 8-85 years’ purchase), this was £1,620 — which, with the 10 per cent, compulsory sale added, made a total of ,£1,782. Fixed machinery they estimated at £2, 172 in addition, and with the items for disturbance the claim reached the aggregate of £5,470. Mr. Bidder, Q.C. (who appeared with Mr. Johnstone for the company) took the primary objection that the plaintiffs could not claim for both improved value and disturbance, since, under ordinary circumstances, they could not realise the improved value without themselves disturbing the business. The Recorder was with the defendants on this point. A large number of witnesses were called, including Mr. Powell (of the firm of Powell & Sons, auctioneers, printers’ brokers, and valuers, St. Bride-street), who stated that a great portion of the plant would be injured by removal. The land¬ lord’s irremovable fixtures amounted in value to £335, and the fixtures which could be removed and were worth removing to £972 16s. 6d. He estimated the cost of removal and refixing at £206. He would undertake to do it for that sum. The expense of removing the type would be about £75. He did not think there was more than 30 tons. He added £15 for removing office-desks, &c. In cross-examination he said that if any of the machinery were broken he would not under¬ take to repair it at the price he named. Five per cent, depreciation was generally allowed on machinery, and 10 to 12 J per cent, on type per annum. Mr. Frederick Ullmer, printers’ valuer (of the firm of Ullmer & Sons) also gave evidence. He said that he had considered the cost of removing the plant, and agreed with the figures given by the last witness ; but if there were fifty tons of type he should say £100 for that. He should take 10 per cent, off type, and 5 per cent, oft machinery per annum for depreciation. The machines were so old- fashioned that he would be sorry to have anything to do with them. Persons using them could not compete with other new and faster machinery. Eventually, just as the court was arranging for the adjournment of the case, the parties came to an adjustment, the company agreeing to pay plaintiffs £1,800 in settlement of the claim. Infringement of a Copyright Almanack Design. — Riddle and another v. Dilks & Co. — This case was heard in the Queen’s Bench Division on the 8th ult. The plaintiffs were printers and publishers in Southwark Bridge-road, and the defendants were almanack printers at Nottingham. The plaintiffs in 1879 brought out pictorial designs representing the Four Seasons, that for Spring consisting of a picture of four bullfinches on a may-bush. The plaintiffs paid Mr. Bright 56 guineas for this design. Subsequently the defendants published an illustrated almanack, which was intended for sale amongst tradesmen, and the foundation of the action was that one of the pictures in the almanack was a piracy of their design for Spring. The defendants contended that there was no infringement at all. Mr. McIntyre, Q.C., and Mr. Dickens were for the plaintiffs ; and Mr. H. Matthews, Q.C., Mr. Bowen May, and Mr. Ingham for the defendants. Evidence was given in support of the plaintiffs’ case, and it was said that they claimed damages, and also asked for an injunction. For the defence it was said that the defendants’ design was drawn by an artist in their employ, and he never saw the plaintiffs’ picture until these proceedings were instituted. The matter had been before the Court three weeks previous, when the defendants put in evidence a bird’s nest and a picture, which it was said that they had bought as far back as 1870; and also that they had given these things to their artist so that he might from them and other things make up the picture for the almanack. For the plaintiffs it was said that there were indica¬ tions that these things had been made up at 'a much more recent date. In consequence of this the further hearing of the case was put off to give time for inquiries to be made. The Attorney-General, who now Jan. 15, 1833. THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 19 led for the plaintiffs, said that since the last hearing a communication had been received from the defendants intimating that they did not wish to contest the case further. He wished to state most positively that there had been no kind of compromise whatever in the ordinary sense of the word. The plaintiffs had simply stood on their rights, and the defendants had withdrawn from the case ; and he presumed, therefore, that they virtually admitted the allegations to be correct. What they did was to consent to a verdict and judgment against them for £500 with costs ; and there would also be an injunction to restrain them from publishing the almanack complained of. Mr. Baron Pollock said he did not think that the plaintiffs could have taken any other course than that which they had taken, and he then entered judgment for the plaintiffs. The Copyright in Thackeray’s Works. — Smith v. Shepherd. — This action, which has been several times before the courts, was brought by Messrs. Smith, Elder, & Co., to restrain the defendant from publishing a work which he had advertised, as ‘ ‘ TheLife, Letters, and Uncollected Writings of W. M. Thackeray.” Vice-Chancellor Bacon had granted an injunction, as has been previously reported in these columns. The defendant appealed against this decision, and the case came on for hearing in the Court of Appeal on the 20th ult. Mr. J. B. Porter and Mr. Hampson were for the defendant; Mr. Hemming, Q.C., and Mr. Farwell were for the plaintiffs. It was arranged that this should be treated as the trial of the action, and that the injunction should be dissolved on the terms of the defendant undertaking not to publish any letter or other composition of Mr. Thackeray which was not published before November, 1840, and to make a corresponding alteration in the title-page of his book. No costs to be given on either side. Are Salaries Preferential Claims on Bankrupt Estates? — A case of some importance to journalists and newspaper proprie¬ tors was heard in the Liverpool Bankruptcy Court, on the 5th inst., before Mr. Thompson, Judge. It was an application by Mr. J. Rintoul Mitchell, formerly chief sub-editor and leader-writer of the Liverpool Daily Mail , for an order of the Court, reversing the deci¬ sion of the trustee of the estates of the Mail , which came to an abrupt stoppage in October, 1881, by which the claim of the applicant for three months’ salary in lieu of notice to terminate his engagement had been disallowed. The trustee contended that a month’s salary only could be claimed by a sub-editor in lieu of notice. Mr. T. H. James, barrister, who appeared for Mr. Mitchell, stated that his engagement upon the Mail was a verbal one, and the claim for three months’ salary in lieu of notice was based upon the custom of the profession. He further contended that the amount of the three months’ salary should be admitted as a preferential claim upon the estate of the Mail. Mr. James then read affidavits to prove the custom of the profession. Mr. R. Neville, barrister, who appeared on behalf of the trustee, said he had to withdraw that portion of his case which denied the custom of the profession to be as stated by the applicant. The trustee, after making inquiries, had found that the view he had held was against the facts, and he could not resist the affidavits produced. He would contend, however, that, although the amount of salary due to Mr. Mitchell was for three months and not one month, it could not be admitted as a preference claim, but must rank as an ordinary debt against the estate. The case was fully argued upon this point, and the Judge held, that while salaries due for services actually rendered had preference, compensation in lieu of notice must rank only as an ordinary debt. An order was then made reversing the decision of the trustee as to the custom of the profession, but directing the applicant’s claim to be admitted as an ordinary and not a preferential claim. It was stated that this was a test application, and would decide a number of other cases. Mr. James therefore applied that the costs should be paid out of the estate. His honour granted the application. Is there any Copyright in Lectures?— An application was made last month to the Sheriff Court at Glasgow, on behalf of Pro¬ fessor Edward Caird, to restrain a bookseller from publishing the lectures (or notes of lectures) delivered by the professor on moral philosophy in the University of Glasgow. It was stated that notes of the lectures had been supplied to the publisher by a student at¬ tending them. The bookseller consented to give up all the printed copies in his possession, and promised to try to recover the five copies he had sold. We speak under correction, says the Academy , but we had always thought that the statute specially excluded from copyright lectures delivered in universities and other public institutions. The morality of the student’s conduct is another matter ; and possibly some legal right may exist at common law. There is an incident in the life of Abernethy bearing on the point. What Constitutes Condonation of a Workman’s Offence? — Mr. C. H. Curtis, of 10, Albion-grove, Barnsbury, lithographic printer, brought an action some days ago, in the City of London Court, against the Artistic Printing and Stationery Company, 7, Dyer’s- buildings, Holborn, for the recovery of £2. 5s. wages in lieu of one week’s notice. The plaintiff stated that he was called into the count¬ ing-house on Saturday evening, when his money was handed to him, and he was told that his services would not be required any further. The manager of the company was called, and stated that the plaintifi had from carelessness damaged a lithographed stone to the value of £4. on the previous Wednesday, and was therefore put upon an inferior class of work until the following Saturday, when he was discharged. This evidence was corroborated by an artist in the employ of the company. Mr. Commissioner Kerr held that the plaintiff should have been at once discharged, and that the keeping him employed until the following Saturday had condoned the offence. He therefore gave a verdict in his favour. - - s-«8 ♦ ea-9 - Cofomaf Jjofftncje. The Brisbane Courier has been enlarged to eight pages. Sierra Leone possesses four journals, and a fifth has lately been projected. There have been several new papers lately started in Queensland, including the Cairns Telegraph. Mr. William Webb, of Penrith, New South Wales, has sold the Penrith Argus to the proprietor of the Nepean Times. Messrs. Frearson & Brother, letterpress, lithographic, and copper-plate printers, have removed to new and extensive premises in Grenfell-street, Adelaide. The Melbourne Leader (weekly offshoot of the Age) has been en¬ larged to 48 pages or 240 columns, and the Australasian has followed suit with an enlargement to 52 pages or 260 columns. The proprietors of the Sydney Daily Telegraph have started a weekly paper, in the Liberal interest, entitled the Weekly Tribune. It consists of thirty-two pages, and the price is threepence. A SICK fund has lately been started by the companionship of the South Australian Advertiser, at Adelaide, to which Mr. King, one of the proprietors, contributes the liberal sum of £100 per year. Destruction of Newspaper-Offices in Jamaica. — A Jamaica paper, describing the late destructive fire at Kingston, says that all the booksellers’ shops have been destroyed, and that the offices of the Gleaner , Standard, and Budget have also been burnt. A Reporting Machine. — Mr. Ernest Govett, a Victorian journalist employed upon the South Australian Advertiser, has patented a steno¬ graphic machine, which is said to be capable of reporting speeches verbatim at the rate of 275 words a minute ! so, at least, says the Australian Typographical Journal. Collapse of a Newspaper Venture. — The Weekly Citizen of Melbourne, in its seventh issue, announces its retirement, and says : — - “ Cheap literature is a fraud, when it costs over £200,000 to enjoy it. We have sold the Weekly Citizen to the proprietor of the Melbourne Quarterly, with which it is now incorporated.” The paper was printed by Messrs. Cameron, Lang, & Co. It was edited by Mr. Reid, for the proprietors, Messrs. Reid & Lang, and sold at one penny. Messrs. A. M'Kinley & Co., the printers and publishers of the Melbourne Bulletin and other well-known papers, have recently pur¬ chased a block of land at No. 59, Queen-street. Upon the land at the rear of the existing buildings they have erected a printing and pub¬ lishing-office, in such a manner as will permit of an extension in the future to Queen-street, when it may become necessary to occupy still larger offices. The new premises have been specially designed for newspaper-printing and publishing-offices, and are commodious and well adapted for their intended purpose. The'Recent Fire at the Melbourne Government Printing- Office. — The insurance companies, through their accredited agent, Major Freeman, decline to pay the ,£18,000 claimed for the damage done at the recent fire in the Government Printing-office. They offer £10,000, or to rebuild the portion which has been destroyed. A dispute has arisen as to the value of the stereos, which the insurance companies decline to estimate but at a nominal figure as ordinary material. As £8,000 is a serious reduction to the bill, and as the alterations in the Exhibition-building have involved considerable outlay, litigation over the claim may be expected, unless the matter be settled by arbitration. Imprisonment for Libel. — An appeal was lately made to the Supreme Court at Cape Town against the judgment of the Resident Magistrate of Cape Town in the prosecution of Mr. M’Combie, the editor and proprietor of the Lantern, for defamatory libel. The Judges, however, confirmed the finding and sentence of the Court below, and Mr. M’Combie has surrendered himself to undergo his term of imprisonment of ten days, the magistrate informing him that he would be treated as a common criminal. This being the first case under the Attorney-General’s new Act, which gives the complainant the power of criminal prosecution, the decision of the Court has caused much excitement and discussion in the Press. D 2 20 THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Jan. 15, 1883. A New Melbourne Printing-office.— The firm of Barton, Magee, & Co. lately invited some of their friends to a house-warming in their new printing establishment. About thirty gentlemen responded to the invitation. The compositors were engaged at their work and the machinery set in motion in order to give the visitors an opportunity of seeing the completeness of the works. Everything being new and of the best quality gave the company a very favourable impression of a printing-office. The toasts of “ the Firm ” and “ the Visitors ” were given and duly responded to. Many hearty good wishes were expressed for the success of the firm, and testimony was borne to the high estima¬ tion in which Messrs. Barton & Magee were held by those who had been associated with them. Indian Fibres for Paper-making. — Dr. George King, superin¬ tendent of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta, has been making fresh experiments on the commercially as well as scientifically important subject of plants suitable for paper-fibre. He has been experimenting chiefly on the plantain-fibre, and from what he says it seems that during the dry months simple exposure of the sliced plantain-stems is a sufficient preparation for the paper-maker, provided the paper-mill is on the spot. What is still wanted is some cheap mode of removing the useless cellular tissue, so that the fibre may be shipped to England without the risk of fermentation during the voyage. Dr. King is decidedly of opinion that from the cultivation of the plantain for its fruit being so universal over the warmer and damper parts of India, and from its grov/th being so rapid, the conversion into a marketable commodity of the stems at present thrown away as useless would be an appreciable addition to the wealth of the country. Competition among Printers in New South Wales. — We have received a number of the Colonial Printers' Art Journal, published by Messrs. Batson & Atwater, of 8, Bond-street, Sydney. It is a very creditable specimen of Colonial typography, and contains a neat piece of colour-work in the form of an invoice-heading printed in five colours. The literary contents are of a varied and interesting nature. From an article entitled “Our Duty” we gather that unfair competition is as rampant at the Antipodes as it is in this country, while another point of semblance is the want of union among the master-printers. Much of what is said in the following extract might be profitably taken to heart by English printers. Says our contemporary : — “Other employers of labour have unions for their mutual protection, and at one time a Master-Printers’ Association existed in Sydney, but for some time past it has been defunct. The period has arrived when it should be re¬ established, and its first business should be to decide upon a uniform tariff of charges, which would bring prices up to a paying standard, so that, so far as price is concerned, a customer would have no choice. It is almost a daily experience with us to be told, when quoting a price for a job, that So-and-so did it for them the last time for so much, ‘and if you want it you must do it at the same price.’ The butcher, baker, grocer, &c., have a fixed price for their goods, and if we do not like to pay it we can go without. It is to this point that we desire to bring the printing profession, instead of, as now, being a regular cut-throat business. We could name houses which wear the garb of respectability, yet whose prices are really ridiculous. These people urge that they have to ‘cut’ to get the work at all. But it would be far better for them to have a price that would leave them a fair margin of profit, rather than to execute the job at an unremunerative figure to keep it away from some one else. The fault lies in the fact that, instead of the printer saying, ‘My price is so much,’ and sticking to it, he allows the customer to dictate the price he is willing to pay.” - •-« ♦ 0-0 - . The offices of the Publishers' Weekly, Literary News, See., have been removed to the World Building, 31 and 32, Park-row, New York. We have received from Messrs. Wild & Stevens, printers’ roller- composition manufacturers, of 8 and 12, Hawley-place, Boston, a copy of their wall-calendar, which is as usual got up in a very creditable manner. American Customs Duty on Books. — The Philadelphia Book Trade Association held a large meeting on the 14th ult. to protest against the reduction of the duty on books from 25 to 15 per cent., as the Tariff Commission recommends ; and also against a reduction of 5 per cent, on printing paper. A committee was appointed to visit Washington in order to represent the views of the Association. Spiritualistic Graphic Art. — The literature of Spiritualism has been augmented in America by the issue of an illustrated quarterly called the Gallery of Spirit Art. It supplies the only “authentic ” likeness of Confucius, and portraits of other famous men. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson, who are immediately responsible for these productions, claim that Leonardo da Yinci is “ the- ornamental artist ” under whose spirit-influence they work. It is interesting to learn that spirit pictures are painted upward from the feet, in order to give “ all the time possible to practise on the face and expression.” An Improved Aligner for Type-Writers has been patented by Mr. Charles J. Baker, of Topeka, Kan. This invention consists of a gauge constructed and arranged for temporary attachment to the top of a type-writer, so as to occupy a position in such relation to the point where the type takes effect on the paper in operation that the type may be successively raised up to said point and accurately and uniformly aligned in adjusting them, the gauge being essentially a bar of metal bridging over the type-basket and resting on the type-writer case, with an opening at the type-centre, in which slides for the type also having openings and being suitably cross-lined are fitted to adjust the type. “A Thoroughly Insane Newspaper.” — The latest novelty in American journalism is announced to make its first appearance this month. The inmates of the “ Insane Asylum ” on Ward’s Island are about to publish a weekly newspaper entitled the Moon. Whether it is intended to appeal to a wider field than the wards of the asylum we do not learn, but it is hinted by a sarcastic critic that it might not be unsuccessful elsewhere. Indeed, he goes so far as to say that it will be much like other papers, and a good deal more sane than many of them. The editor preserves his anonymity, but the residents are to furnish all the contributions, set the type, and print the paper. A cut of the asylum and its name is to appear on the title-page ; in fact, it is to be a “thoroughly insane newspaper produced by self-confessed lunatics.” The presence of such a staff appears odd, but it is accounted for by the fact, according to the latest statistics, that the largest number of lunatics from any one class are printers — in the United States, at least. This, it is said, is possibly due to the overpowering remorse felt after years of service by some compositors at the vast accumulation of typographical errors. It weighs upon them heavily, and at last over¬ throws their reason. They, to be sure, may say that the manuscript supplied by malicious authors has something to do with it. As the gentlemen on the Moon will have to set up their own “copy,” they may be able to throw some light on the subject. We learn from Boston of the formation of the “Prang Educational Company,” with Louis Prang, ofL. Prang & Co., as president ; George A. Smith, treasurer ; Charles H. Ames, secretary ; and Louis Prang, John S. Clark, and George A. Smith as directors. The new house is to publish educational works upon the subjects of scientific, industrial, and art education, and to manufacture and supply suitable apparatus and materials of American and European make for giving instruction in these subjects in public schools, academies, colleges, and universi¬ ties. By special arrangement with L. Prang & Co. the company becomes the sole agent for the introduction and sale of Prang’s Ameri¬ can text-books of art education, and it has purchased the general educational interest of L. Prang & Co., with the entire interest of George A. Smith & Co., booksellers and dealers in educational appa¬ ratus and materials. The educational and publishing department of the business will be under the direction of Mr. John S. Clark, for¬ merly of the firms of Ticknor & Fields, Osgood & Co., and latterly in charge of the educational business of L. Prang & Co., from which he retires to give his sole attention to the new undertaking. The depart¬ ment of manufacturing and supplying apparatus and materials will be under the direction of Mr. George A. Smith, who, as auditor, supply agent, and secretary of the Boston School Board, has had charge of furnishing the Boston public schools with all books, apparatus, and materials for the past sixteen years. Mr. Prang identifies himself with the business management of the company, thus giving it the benefit of his judgment and experience. Prang’s Prize Christmas Cards came to hand too late for notice in our last number, but as the productions of this justly famous American house are always distinguished by high artistic merit we cannot pass them by on account of the season having gone. The success of his previous prize exhibitions of Christmas-card designs induced Mr. Prang to hold another at the American Art Gallery, New York, in November, 1881, and to offer two sets of prizes to be awarded by two classes of judges independently of each other. One set was decided by a jury composed of all the best-known artists of New York, Boston, and Philadelphia ; the other by the popular vote of the public visiting the exhibition. Thus there are two series of designs now placed before the public — one the “ Artists’ Prizes,” the other the “ Popular Prizes,” and, curious to say, the first prize in both classes was awarded to a design by Miss Dora Wheeler, of New York, who thus received two awards of $1,000 each. We frankly avow that, had we been called upon to judge, our decision would have fallen to another competitor. Messrs. Prang & Co. thus got only seven designs instead of eight for their $4,000, though it may be expected that such a singular event will have a decided influence in increasing the sale of this particular card. We need scarcely say that these prize designs as well as other cards before us are all well calculated to sustain and augment the reputation of the house which produced them, both in the manner in which they have been drawn on the stones and the style in which they have been printed. The sizes of the prize cards are amongst the largest we have Jan. 15, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. seen, varying from ten to seven-and-a-half inches in length, and com¬ manding the respectable prices of one-half, three-quarters, and one dollar each, in plain mounting, while heavy mounts and silk fringes increase the price twenty-five and fifty cents respectively. Failure of a “ Cheap ” Printing Venture. — A large quantity of second-hand printing material has recently been offered for sale in Boston. It was the last remnant of a gigantic scheme for cheap books for the million. In 1872, Mr. John Lovell, of Montreal, after being harassed by English publishers in his endeavours to republish a better class of reading in cheap form, formed a corporation under the style of the John Lovell Printing and Publishing Co., and erected an extensive establishment at Rouse’s Point. This he filled with an abundance of type, and the most improved binding, stereotyping, and electro-typing machinery and printing-presses. The works were in the United States, and he boarded his help across the line in Canada. Thus he was enabled to pay low wages and work cheaply. He was also in close communication with his extensive Montreal printing-house, and could draw upon that for all extra help promptly. The first large contract was made with Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co., of Boston, for ten volumes of the United States Digest. A reputable Cambridge printer’s price was $4,000 per volume. Mr. Lovell made the plates for $2,000, and claimed to have netted a handsome profit. The Rouse’s Point scheme promised excellently as a business venture, but the hard times that followed the Jay Cooke failure proved too much for it, and after various vicissitudes it finally succumbed. The buildings, which cost $120,000, have recently been closed out by mortgagee’s sale for $17,000. About $300,000 was sunk in the enter¬ prise. Some Boston capital was permanently invested there. Mr. Lovell lost everything. He is a man of wonderful energy, and although well into the seventies he has quietly set about making another fortune, and with every probability of success. John W. Lovell, the New York publisher, whose enormous publishing ventures, not being backed with sufficient capital, have recently proved disastrous, is a son of the John Lovell referred to. He has much of his father’s energy and enterprise, and will yet win success. - ♦ «-• - Confiwnfaf £ foreign 3 oftmge* An Exhibition of Menu cards.is to be held next month at Leipsic, in connexion with a Culinary Exhibition. The statement that the Athenceum Beige ceased publication last year is untrue. The truth is that it has changed from a fortnightly to a monthly issue. M. Amand-Durand, of Paris, has lately reproduced in 174 plates the complete engraved work of Lucas van Leyden. The accompanying text is by M. Georges Duplessis. A novelty is announced at Paris which, the Academy says, we do not recommend to our English confreres. It is a series of biographical sketches of journalists, written, not by themselves, but by one another. M. Ch. Lorilleux, the well-known printing-ink manufacturer at Paris, has acquired by purchase an ink factory hitherto carried on by M. Orsenigo at Milan. It is M. Lorilleux’s intention to extend his business in Italy. Large Type for French School-books. —By order of the Education Department the school-books in French Government schools are to be printed in larger type, on account of the recent great increase of short-sightedness. The first number of the Lithographia for the current year has reached us in a considerably improved form. It is printed on better paper and with better type than hitherto. Each page is surrounded by a double rule in red. Our contemporary has entered upon the 23rd year of its existence. On the first day of January, Herr Sacher-Masoch, the popular editor of Auf der Hohe (which may fairly claim to be a cosmopolitan magazine), celebrated the jubilee of his literary career. His friends in many countries united to present him with an album containing their autographs. The Buda-Pesth Typographia, which has hitherto been printed in the Hungarian and the German language, side by side, announces that with the beginning of the present year it will discard the latter, and be printed only in Hungarian. The Printers’ Overseers’ Society in Paris has distributed in pensions amongst its members during the years 1866 to 1881 an aggre¬ gate sum of about /461. The present property of the society, invested in securities, amounts to £1,1 16. We have, as in previous years, received from M. G. A. Bonfantini, of 46, Rue St. Pierre, Basle, copies of his card and wall-calendars, the former being printed in the French and the latter in the German language. The rule-work in both is neatly finished. 2 I The receipts at the last exhibition of the Central Union of the Decorative Arts, Paris, just closed, reached the sum of /ho, 000, and the letting of stalls nearly ^5, 000 ; this amount considerably exceeds previous exhibitions. The most attractive portion was, undoubtedly, Printing and its Collateral branches. The Freie Kiinste, of Vienna, announces that during the present year it is intended to issue, with some of its numbers, specimen-sheets for the use of lithographers and typographers, produced by different firms. The subscription for these supplements is two shillings, but they can only be obtained by those who are also subscribers to the journal itself. Deputy Maffi, the Milanese working men’s representative, who is a journeyman type-founder or compositor — we are uncertain which of the two — interrogated the Minister of the Interior, on December 14, on the subject of the printing of the Official Gazette being done by prison work, and made a very favourable impression on the Chamber. His motion that the Gazette should be printed by free labour was, however, rejected. Copyright between France and Germany. — The draft of a copyright convention has been agreed upon between France and Germany, who have been represented at Berlin by special commis¬ sioners ; though it will be some time before the understanding is complete. It seems that one of the chief difficulties was the question of translations, about which Germany was inclined to take a more indulgent view than France. The Printers’ Coat-of-Arms. — It has long been a warmly- debated question on the Continent, whether the eagle shown on the printer’s coat-of-arms should have a single or a double head. Our esteemed confrere, M . Louis Mohr, of Strasbourg, who seems to be as well versed in matters heraldic as he is in all that relates to the history of printing, has lately investigated the subject. He arrives at the conclusion that the two-headed eagle is historically correct. In one of its December issues, the Gutenberg Journal, reviewing some Christmas books issued by French publishers, reprints some wood- engravings from different volumes. We note this, not only on account of the general excellence of these engravings and the pains taken in their reproduction, but also to mention that that week’s issue was printed on paper supplied by Messrs. Spalding & Hodge. Our con¬ temporary has been awarded a “ Mention Honorable ” at the recent exhibition of L’Union Centrale des Arts Decoratifs. ANew German Printing Trades’ Journal. — A new weekly printing trades’ journal has been started at Leipsic under the title of Reform. It is published by, and in the interest of, the local Union of Journeymen Printers. One o£ the avowed objects of the new organ is to bring about uniform and concerted action amongst German operative printers in all matters relating to the tariff, with a view of putting some check upon the system of unfair competition, which is exercising a very baneful influence upon the German printing trade at the present time. Earnings of German Journeymen Printers. — From recently- compiled statistics it appears that the ’stab wages of operative printers throughout the German Empire range from six shillings to forty-eight shillings per week, being in the majority of cases, however, from twelve to thirty shillings. The working hours vary from ten to eleven per diem, and in exceptional instances twelve hours are worked. Of the 2,280 offices included in this Census, taken on behalf of and by the journeymen, only comparatively few offices are entered as paying in strict accordance with the scale. Compositors’ Tournaments. — Two printers’ tournaments have lately taken place in the Court Printing-office of Herr Buxenstein, at Berlin. Twenty-one compositors took part in the first, and the measure to which the composition was done was sixty-two letters ; the German system of computation being based upon the letters of the alphabet, not upon “ n’s” as with us. The “ copy ” was reprint, and the type used was Bourgeois. The minimum number of letters set during one hour was 2,500, and the maximum 3,124. In the second tourna¬ ment fourteen compositors took part, and the compositor, who carried off the first prize, Herr Kramer, picked up in three hours no less than 9,415 letters. An Italian Newspaper Directory of the World. — Signor Nicola Bernardini, of Lecce, Italy, who is engaged on the compilation of a great dictionary, which is to give the history, standing, circulation, &c., of all the journals of the world, together with biographical notes of their chief editors, correspondents, &c., requests publishers and journalists to send him a sample copy of their journals, with such data as they consider of special importance. Every journal complying with this request, and giving notice of the enterprise, will receive a copy of the dictionary as soon as published. All such data should be addressed to Sig. Bernardini : Via delle Bombarde, 27, Lecce, Italia. Mr. A. Claudin, the able and well-known Paris dealer in old books, has sent us a Sale Catalogue of the library of the late M. Benjamin Fillon, a distinguished collector, antiquary, and author. It comprises a Biblia Pauperum (block-book); a Letter of Indulgence and a Catholicon printed by Gutenburg ; a broadside printed by Fust & Schoeffer besides other of their works, as well as some by Mentelin, Vindolin de Spira, 22 THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Jan. 15, 1883. Ulric Zell, Simon Vostre, Hardouin, Geoffrey Tory, and a variety of great names in the early history of printing. M. Clauclin’s notes to the catalogue are admirable and well informed, and they will doubtless greatly tend to augment the results of the sale, which takes place on the 22nd and 23rd inst. at half-past seven in the evening, at 28, Rue des Bons Enfants, Paris. We have been favoured with a copy of a Trade Catologue of an outfitting establishment owned by Herr Conrad Merz, It is an octavo volume of about 200 pages. It has been printed in a very ingenious style by Herren Greiner & Pfeiffer, of Stuttgart. Among the illustrations are a number of zincographic reproductions of curtains, table-linen, &c., which are very well executed. Other are done in chromo-xylography, some in eight colours, and the result throughout is most satisfactory. Embezzlement of Printers’ Unions’ Funds. — The President of the Journeymen Printers’ Society at Lyons, M. Fournier, has lately disappeared with the whole of the funds of the caisse de resistance , amounting to ,£250. Funds for strike purposes being illegal in France, the whole of the money had been deposited in a bank in the name of the President who had thus no difficulty in withdrawing it and appro¬ priating it to his own use. - A still graver case of embezzlement is reported from Berlin, where it has lately been discovered that the Secretary of the Journeymen’s Society has been committing depreda¬ tions upon its funds for a number of years. The Committee of Inquiry appointed to investigate the matter has already, according to the Deutsche Buchdrucker-Zeitung, discovered deficits to the amount of ,£1,500! One wonders what the auditors can have been about, who periodically reported the accounts as correct. Collective Tendering for Printing.— The Correspondent reports that some time ago the Educational Department of the Canton Waadt in French Switzerland invited tenders from the printers of Lausanne for the production of 45,000 school manuals of 100 pages each. With a view of guarding against ruinous competition, the local printers resolved to tender for the work collectively at a price pre¬ viously agreed upon. The contract was thus secured, and the work of printing, &c., divided between nine firms, two others having waived their claim to a share of the work. Carrying the system of collective production still further, the work of binding these manuals was en¬ trusted to sixteen different heads of bookbinding establishments. When it came to a division of the profits, it was resolved that the two firms who had spontaneously withdrawn from the contract should share with the others. This is certainly a remarkable illustration of brotherly co-operation. With the beginning of the present year the Journal fiir Buch- druckerkunst has entered upon the fiftieth year of its existence ; and apropos of this event Herr Ferdinand Schlotke, its present editor and proprietor, has reproduced in facsimile the initial number of the Journal as originally published on the 1st of July, 1834, under the editorship of Dr. J. IL Meyer. It forms an eight-page leaflet, the size of the pages being 1 1 in. by in. The opening sentence of the introduction is interesting as placing England foremost amongst the countries in which the art of Typography had made considerable progress at that time. Among the contents of the first number is a communication by Dr. G. C. Braun as to the steps taken towards the realisation of the Gutenberg monument at Mayence, which, it may be remembered, was unveiled some three years after this date. The first instalment of a translation of Savage’s work on Printing-Inks is also given, as well as the opening article of a series on the construction of printing-presses. A number of type-specimens are shown, including a “Reversed Egyptian,” which is described as an English monstrosity, a designation that is, by the bye, more applicable to some of the German display founts figured in the same issue. A comparison of the opening number of Vol. I. with that of Vol. L. says much for the great ability and tact which successive editors have brought to bear upon the work, and among these Herr T. Goebel, who presided over the fortunes of the Journal for nearly ten years, deserves very special mention. Herr Schlotke, his latest successor, as a practical master- printer, will doubtless strive to perpetuate the traditions of this the oldest existing printing trades’ journal. As a new departure, we may mention the substitution, in the last number, of red for black border¬ lines round the pages : was this wise ? - - 0 Cp* 0 • " " . (TUS5 The first number of a critical weekly, entitled the Musical Review , was published by Messrs. Novello on the 6th inst. The first number promises well for the success of the new journal. The price is fourpence. An amateur theatrical paper, called the Dublin Era, has recently made a start in the Irish metropolis. The first number of the Gaelic Journal has been issued. The Gaelic Union of Ireland, which conducts and publishes it, aims at the preserva¬ tion and cultivation of the Irish language. The first number has been issued of the Folk-Lore Journal, the new monthly organ of the Folk-Lore Society. It is published by Mr. Elliot Stock. Progress. — A new monthly magazine has been started under the title of Progress. It is edited by Mr. G. W. Foote. The price is sixpence. Mr. H. A. Kemp, 28, Stonecutter-street, is the publisher. Amateur Mechanics is the title of an illustrated sixpenny monthly ushered into existence with the present month. It is printed by Messrs. Ilifife & Son, of Coventry, and published by Messrs. Triibner & Co. Mr. P. N. Hasluck is the editor. A halfpenny weekly has been started under the title of the Beeston Temperance Times. It is printed and published by Messrs. S. & E. Price, of Stoney-street, Beeston, Nottingham. No. 1 of the Hackney Herald, a weekly temperance journal, was issued on the 6th inst. It is printed and published by Mr. B. Ballard, of 4, Osborne-street, Whitechapel. The price is one halfpenny. The new Conservative monthly, the National Review, referred to in another column, is to be edited by Mr. Alfred Austin. It is to be a half- crown magazine, and the articles are to be signed. A new weekly illustrated paper is projected in the Conservative interest. It will be called the St. Stephen's Review, and will be under the direction of Mr. William Allison, a barrister, formerly editor of the Whitehall Review. The first number of a new weekly, the West End, was issued on the 6th inst. Its price is twopence. • The Oxford Magazine is the title of a journal, to be issued on the 24th inst., and to be continued weekly during term-time. It will be conducted by members of the University, both graduate and undergraduate. A WELSH quarterly is announced under the title of Y Geninen ( The Leek), the emblem of the Welsh nation. The magazine will be in the Welsh vernacular. The price is to be one shilling. Messrs. D. W. Davies & Co., of Carnarvon, are the publishers. The “Album Costume Portraits” now weekly issued with Society are printed in colours by Messrs. Charles Goodall & Son. A COPY of the Croydon Review has reached us. It contains a quantity of local information, instalments of two stories, time-tables, &c. Altogether, there are fifty-two quarto pages of matter, as well as a wrapper, and the whole is sold for one penny. Messrs. J. Sampson & A. Davey, of Derby- road, Croydon, are the printers and publishers. Eddowes's Shrewsbury Journal has just changed hands, having been purchased by Messrs. Parker & Smethurst, of Bolton ; Mr. Wellsman (C. Mitchell & Co.) effected the transfer. The Barnsley Times, the oldest newspaper in that chief seat of the linen trade, has ceased to exist. It is succeeded by the Barnsley Independent, which takes the line in politics indicated by its title, and will be under the sole direction of Mr. Thomas Frost, who edited its predecessor during the past year. The Derby Reporter will shortly commemorate the sixtieth year of pub¬ lication by reducing its price from twopence to one penny. The price of the British Trade Journal has been reduced one-half, and is now sixpence. It has been placed under new literary management. The Staffordshire Herald, a weekly newspaper started by the Wolver¬ hampton and Staffordshire Newspaper Company, has ceased to exist, after a hard struggle extending over the short period of six months. The price of the Belfast Weekly News has been reduced from twopence to one penny. The Oracle, hitherto published at one penny, has been enlarged, and will henceforth be published at twopence. The Phonographic Meteor is to be permanently enlarged and improved. Its illustrations will be executed by artists on the staffs of the Graphic, Illustrated London News, and Pictorial World. The Langport and Somerton Herald has been enlarged by the addition of an extra column to each page, and the lengthening of the columns. This is the fourth enlargement of the paper, which is now double the size it was prior to 1864. The Herald is the property of Mr. W. E. Bennett. Mr. Isaac Weir, formerly manager of Mayfair, has been appointed manager of the Tunbridge Wells Advertiser. Mr. Weir, we may state, has also been manager of the Bombay Gazette, and editor and manager of the Elgin Courant. A new series of L. S. D., Capel Court Chronicle , has been commenced. It is now published at the price of sixpence, at 163, Wool Exchange-buildings, Coleman-street. The publishing office of Wool and Textile Fabrics has been removed to 3, York-street, Covent-garden, Mr. H. L. Wallenstein is the editor of a new weekly journal, the Penny Review. Dr. Sexton's Shield of Faith has been incorporated with tine Champion of Faith, and will in future appear as a penny weekly. The Rev. Dr. K. Moore has been appointed editor of Evangelical Christendom, the journal of the Evangelical Alliance, 7, Adam-street, Strand. The Masonic Monthly has been discontinued. The latest and most luckless adventure in journalism has lately collapsed in Manchester. As usual, it has involved the persons who embarked in it in a heavy pecuniary sacrifice ; but it is so far exceptional, that it will Jan. 15, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 23 not inflict loss on the creditors. The persons who guaranteed the capital will suffer the whole loss. The North Times was started to 'become the exponent of Conservatism in the North of England. It had offices in Liverpool as well as Manchester, and it began its fitful career on an altogether magnificent scale. After it had been in existence for a few weeks as an evening newspaper it extended its mission, and also became a morning newspaper, under the suggestive title of the Latest News. But the adventure has not prospered. The two papers had a brief career of about four months, but in that brief space of time it is understood that the unlucky proprietors have lost £16,000. - O ©3»- a - = - <trabe Change®. Mr. J. Miles, bookseller, has removed his business from 12, New-street, Briggate, to 62, Albion-street, Leeds. Mr. J. T. French will continue the business of envelope-manufacturer formerly carried on under the title of French & Messer, at Bread-street-hill. Mr. J. George, late of 29, Bath-street, Bristol, has removed to No. 2, Park-street, Viaduct, where he has re-commenced business as bookseller, picture-dealer, &c. Mr. H. J. Bliss has retired from the firm of H. Nunn & Co., stationers and booksellers, of Netherwood-road, West Kensington-park, and Ladbroke-grove-road. Messrs. C. & J. N. Bennett, shorthand writers, of Southampton- buildings, Chancery-lane, having dissolved partnership, the business will be continued by Mr. L. C. Bennett. Messrs. Sotheran have taken the premises at the corner of Wellington- street, adjoining their quarters at 136, Strand, and the whole of the extensive block will be occupied by them. Messrs. PIerrmann, Keller, &Co., of 60, Mark-lane, London, have been appointed sole agents for the colours, bronze-powders, &c., manu¬ factured by Herr A. Beringer, of Charlottenburg, Berlin. The business of Messrs. H. Ison & Co., music-sellers, 41, Cross-street, Manchester, has been transferred to the premises of Messsrs. E. Henry & Co., 57, Deansgate, and Barton Arcade, where in future it will be carried on in the name of E. Henry & Ison. Messrs. Geo. S. Smith & Co. , proprietors of the City Envelope and Circular Addressing Company, have removed their offices from the third to the ground floor in Gresham House, and all communications should be addressed to No. 15, Gresham House, Old Broad-street, instead of No. 220, as hitherto. Mr. Sidney Allchin notifies that the business of initialling postage and other Government stamps by perforation, hitherto carried on by his father and himself at the Post-Office, England-lane, N.W., will, in con¬ sequence of the death of the former, be continued on his sole account, under the style of Sidney AUchin & Co. A Booksellers' and Stationers' Trades' Protection Agency has been established by Mr. H. L. Harris, at 32, Argyll-street, Regent- street, with a branch office at 30, Budge-road, Cannon-street. The agency undertakes the collection of debts at a commission varying from 1 to 10 per cent., according to the amount recovered. The firm of Wheeler Brothers, printers and stationers, of 45 and 56, King-street West, Manchester, has been dissolved. The business at No. 46 will be continued by Mr. G. H. B. Wheeler, who will also collect the debts and discharge the liabilities of the late partnership. Mr. J. J. Wheeler will continue the business of printer at No. 56 on his own account. Mr. Alexander Glen Collins, having retired from the directorate of William Collins, Sons, & Co. (Limited), the well-known firm of printers and publishers, and also from Collins Brothers & Co., Glasgow and Sydney, N.S.W., has started business on his own account under the style of William Alexander Collins & Brothers, London and Manchester. The partnership hitherto existing between Messrs. David and Philip Cooper, trading as Cooper & Co., ink and quill-pen manufacturers, parch¬ ment dealers, &c. , at 5, 6, and 7, Shoe-lane, has been dissolved by mutual consent. The business will be continued in all its branches, under the same style, by Mr. Philip Cooper, who will receive and pay all debts due to or by the late firm. Messrs. John Alexander and Walter Shepheard, of the Lonsdale Printing Works, 27, Chancery-lane, finding it inconvenient to their friends to address them by the full title of Yates, Alexander, & Shepheard, have decided to adopt the names only of the members of their firm, and they will therefore subscribe themselves in future as Alexander & Shepheard. Mr. Joseph W. Corfield, of 21, St. Bride-street, Ludgate-circus, in¬ forms us that he has relinquished the business of wholesale stationer, marble and coloured paper-maker, and dealer in bookbinders' materials, carried on by him at the above address, and which has been under his manage¬ ment for the last fifty years, and that he had made arrangements for the same to be transferred to Mr. Henry Berry and Mr. George Roberts. Mr. Berry has been in his employment during the last twenty years, and is in every way qualified to manage the business with satisfaction. Mr. Roberts has been engaged in a position of trust in a large City firm. The business is now carried on in the names of Berry & Roberts. All accounts owing by Mr. Corfield at December 30th, 1882, will be paid by him, and all accounts due to him at that date will be received by the new firm on his account. Bidteve (patinti Letters Patent have been issued for the following : — 1,391. — F. Rath. A communication from M. Komdromy, Buda-Pesth. Preparing Surfaces for Printing from. March 22. 3,086.— F. Wirth. A communication from G. Schmidt, Brockenheim, near Frankfort-on-the-Main. Printing or Stamping-Ink. June 30. 3,293. — W. R. Lake. A communication from A. S. Doane, of New York. Ink-Distributing Apparatus for Printing-Presses. July 12. 4,258.— J. C. Mewburn. A communication from A. A. Low and L. K. Johnson, both of Brooklyn, New York. Apparatus employed in Setting up and Distributing Type. Sept. 7. 4,580. — W. R. Lake. A communication from H. R. Cassel, New York. Process and Apparatus for Decomposing Alloys by Electrolysis and Dialysis, applicable for Electro-typing and other Purposes. Sept. 26. Patents which have become Void 4,826. — H. J. Haddan. A communication from Stoffer and Backi, Stutt¬ gart. Improved Method of Cutting and Finishing or Ornamenting the Edges of Books, and in Apparatus therefor. Nov. 26, 1879. 4,874. — C. Ellery, Albany, U.S.A. Paper-feeding Device for Printing- Presses. Nov. 28, 1879. 4,898. — P. Jensen. A communication from G. Hoper, Iserlohn, Germany, Copper Rollers for Printing Purposes. Nov. 29, 1879. 4,973. — A. Murray, jun. A communication from J. Von Laer, Washing¬ ton, U.S.A. Temporary Binders for Periodicals, Music, &c. Dec. 4, 1879. 5,108.— G. Tidcombe, jun., Watford. Refining or Straining Pulp for Making Paper. Dec. 13, 1879. 5,136. — J. H. Johnson. A communication from J. Robbins, Camden, N.J., U.S.A. Printing-Presses. Dec. 15, 1879. 5,183. — A. Brehmer, Cowcross-street. Machines for Rounding the Backs of Books. Dec. 18, 1879. 5,241. — T. H. Pitt, Portland-plane. Machinery employed when Cutting Paper into Sheets. Dec. 23, 1879. 4,271. — H. Watson, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Strainer Apparatus to be used in the Manufacture of Paper. Dec. 9, 1875. 4,386. — W. E. Newton. A communication from R. M. Hoe, New York. Printing-Machinery. Dec. 18, 1875. Specifications Published during the Month. Postage id. each extra. 1882. 1,847. — J. F. Haskins. Apparatus employed in Printing . 2d. 2,143. — D. Smith and C. Robertson. Preparing Esparto Grass, &c., for Paper-making . 2d. 2.203. — W. R. Lake. Printing-Machines . 6d. 2.204. — W. R- Lake. Printing-Machines . is. 2,208. — W. R. Lake. Printing-Machines . rod. 2,264. — T. R. Johnston. Chemically Engraving Copper or Zinc Surfaces . 4d. 2,405. — T. H. Hewson. Appliances for “ Knocking-up " Sheets delivered from Printing-Machines, &c . 4d. 2,765. — J. H. Johnson. Printing-Machines . 6d. 2,879. — J- H. Johnson. Printing-Machines . iod. 2,886. — -J, H. Johnson. Printing-Machines . 8d. - O &»— © - (printing <mb offjer Companies. BELOW we give particulars of six new Companies connected with the Paper and Printing Trades that have been formed since our December list was compiled. Their aggregate nominal capital represents the considerable sum of ,£232,000. Three of the Companies, as will be seen, have been floated to take over existing properties, while two of the others would, to judge by the amount of their nominal capital, seem to threaten serious competition to envelope manufacturers. The winding- up of three Companies has been resolved upon, and the most noticeable feature in this connexion is that they are severally of recent formation. That the Metropolitan Printing Company has come to grief does not surprise us ; the weak basis upon which it was established was pointed out in these columns at the time when the Company was originally floated. In our Topics of the Month we give some particulars as to the aggregate number of Printing Companies floated during the past year. New Patent Pulp and Paper Company of Great Britain and Ireland (Limited). —This company proposes to acquire the estate and interest of the International Patent Pulp and Paper Company (Limited), of Clondalkin, Dublin, a company incorporated in November, 1873. The present company has been registered, with a capital of £ 60,000 , in £1 shares, and proposes to carry on the manufacture and sale of pulp and paper. The first subscribers, who, with the exception indicated, have each taken one share, are : — J. Denis, 3, Trinity-street, Dublin, merchant ; A. J. 24 THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Jan. is, 1883. Lev, 9, Great Russell-street, printer ; H, W. Wheeler, 49, Cannon-street, actuary ; P. J. Harvey, 3, Primrose Villas, Overhill-road, Dulwich, accountant (2) ; W. A. Bennett, 40, Wingate-road, Hammersmith, sur¬ veyor ; J. McDonnell, 42, Poultry, paper agent ; and B. Gregory, 49, Cdnnon-strfeet, secretary to a company. The British Envelope Manufacturing Company (Limited) has pehn registered, ivith a capital Of ^60,000, ih ^5 shares, for carrying On business as envelope-mamifadturefs and manufacturing arid commercial Stationers ; 6,000 shares are to be entitled to a cumulative preferential dividend of 10 per cent, per annum. The subscribers, who have each taken one share, are : — Henry William Irwin, Wilderness House, Clerken- well-road, accountant ; Henry Ponche, 3, Wilmington-square, insurance broker ; H. T. Turner, 106, Vauxhall Bridge-road ; Walter R. Horncastle, 82, Down's Park-road, Hackney, advertising agent ; H. Mason, 49, Peck- ham-grove, accountant; J. J. Sharland, 55, Harkford-road, Brixton, clerk ; and R. Jenkins, 25, Bond-street, Vauxhall, accountant. The number of directors is not to be less than 4, nor mote than 7 ; the subscribers are to appoint the first ; subsequent directors must be holders of £100 of the nominal share capital. The remuneration is £100 per annum to each director and travelling expenses, and £100 per annum extra for the Chairman. The French Envelope Manufacturing Company (Limited) has been registered, with a capital of ^50,000, in ^5 shares, with power to increase to j£ioo,ooo, to carry on the business of envelope-manufacturers and manufacturing commercial stationers in all branches. The sub¬ scribers, who have each taken one share, are Robert Jesse Ward, C.E., 76, Pentonville-foad j H. W. Rollison, 40, Queen's-road, Wimbledon, traveller ; J. J. Sharland, 55, Hackford-road, Brixton, clerk ; J. A. Somerset Tibbs, 48, Florence-street, Canterbury, dentist ; T. R. Rollisson, 80, Clapham-road, horticulturalist ; H. Mason, 49, Peckham- grove, accountant ; and H. Bullock, ix, New North-street, commercial traveller. The number of directors is not to be less than 4, nor more than 7 ; the subscribers are to appoint the first ; subsequent directors must hold shares to the nominal value of £100 ; remuneration, ^200 per annum to the chairman, £100 per annum to each director, as well as travelling expenses. The "England ” Newspaper and Publishing Company (Limited) has been registered, with a capital of ^50,000, in £1 shares, to print and publish a newspaper called England. The company proposes to purchase cfertairi properties, and a business referred to in an unregistered agreement made between Messrs. H. W. Rosman and E. Ashmead Bartlett of the one part, and Mr. Edward Carrington Bell of the other part. The sub¬ scribers, who are responsible for £1 each, are ; — Rowland Sugden Tinker, 43, Ursula-street, Battersea, publisher; Robert Conigsby, 35, Kerrison- road, Battersea, journalist ; J. Cropley, 21, Mansfield-road, Kentish-town, clerk of works ; F. Amy Le Feuvre, 114, Sussex-road, Holloway, adver¬ tisement manager ; E. W. Gilliard, 5, Adelaide-terrace, Wandsworth, cordwainer ; P. J. Cracknell, 44, Lockington-road, Battersea, book-keeper; and J. Byland, 14, Charles-street, Hatton-garden, shdemaker. The number of directors is not to be less than 5; qualifications roo shares. The first are Lord Borthwick, General Burnaby, M. P., Allan Gilmour, jun., Colonel King Harman, J. Satchell Hopkins, A. K. Rollit, J. H. de Ricci, and H. H. Wainwright. Mr. E. Ashmead Bartlett, M.P., will join the board after allotment. Each director is to be entitled to £2. 2s. for every meeting he may attend. Baskerville Printing Company (Limited). — This is the conver¬ sion to a company of the printing business of Messrs. Lowe, Jones, & Co., of Wason-buildings, 4, Harrington-street, Liverpool. It has been registered with a capital of ^10,000, in £5 shares. The subscribers, who have each taken one share, are : — *C. Lowe, Everton, Liverpool, printer and stationer ; C. Williams, 35, Har.over-street, Liverpool, stationer ; G. Hunter, 29, St. George’s-hill, Liverpool, ironmonger ; ^William Mars- den, Birkenhead, book-keeper : J. Longman, Tranmere, chemist ; W. H. Lowe, Egremont, joiner and builder ; and *S. Jones, Birkenhead, printer. The number of directors is not to exceed 8 ; qualification, 10 shares ; the first are the subscribers denoted by an asterisk, and Mr. John Randall Bethell. The English Mechanical Music Company (Limited) has been registered, with a capital of ^2,000, in 500 ordinary shares of j£i each, and 500 preference shares of £3 each, to carry on business as music publishers, and makers and sellers of musical instruments. The first two subscribers have taken 10 shares each, the others 5 each ; the following are their names : — W. Robinson, 105 and 106, Chalton-street, Euston-road, licensed victualler ; J. Forwell, 56, Judd-street, Euston-road, tailor ; G. Harrison, 33, Hampstead-road, hosier ; A. J. Eli, 89, Farringdon-street, merchant ; J. P. Yabsley, 16, Bankton-road, Brixton, clerk ; A. G. Yendle, 3, Stans- field-road, Brixton, book-keeper ; A. Dow, 3, Dyer's-buildings, Holborn, merchant ; and J. Dow. 3, Dyer's-buildings, Holbom, merchant. The shares taken by the subscribers are preference shares. An order has been made by Mr. Justice Kay that the voluntary winding- up of the Metropolitan Printing Company (Limited) be continued, subject to the supervision of the Court. The original company bearing this name was floated in June, 1879, which was, however, subsequently wound up, and re-started in January, 1880. All claims against the company must be sent in by the 19th instant, to Messrs. Greening & Vernon, of 2, Plough- court, Fetter-lane. The voluntary winding-up of the firm Henry Rees & Co. (Limited) has been resolved upon. The company was floated in March, 1880, with a nominal capital of ^25,000, divided into 5,000 shares, to carry on the business of metal printers and decorators. Mr. H. Power, of 6, Great George-street, Westminster, has been appointed liquidator. A resolution has been passed in favour of the voluntary winding-up of Spence's Metal Manufacturing Company (Limited). The com¬ pany was floated in April, 1881, with a nominal capital of £200,000, divided into as many shares. The metal manufactured by the company was intended to be used by type-founders amongst others. Mr. Edwards, of the firm of James & Edwards, has been appointed liquidator. - ♦ «— • - <B<»3 d(t (Hoftcetc [ Partly compiled from Messrs. Gamble &r‘ Harvey s Record.] Partnerships Dissolved. Aldridge & Davis, artists and engravers, Gough-square, Fleet-street. Bean & Co., wholesale school stationers and booksellers, Goswell-road. Bennett, C. & I. N., shorthand-writers, Southampton-buildings, Chan¬ cery-lane. Cooke, G. K., Hurles, & Co., indiarubber stamp manufacturers and dealers, Fleet-street, London, and Paris. Foster & Roud, printers, booksellers, and lithographers, Southampton. French, J. T., & W. Messer, wholesale envelope-makers, relief stampers, black borderers, &c., trading under the firm of J. T. French, Bread-street-hill. Lavars & Sharp, lithographers and lithographic printers, Bristol. Leech & Taylor, proprietors and publishers of the Bristol Times and Mirror, newspaper editors and printers, Bristol. Marquer & Co., stationers, Market-place, Oxford-street. Van Wynsberghe & Nation, pulp-manufacturers, Willesden. Wood & Jennings, newspaper proprietors and general printers, Lower Norwood. Yates & Hess, stationers and engravers, Liverpool. Liquidations bv Arrangement. (The names given at the end of each entry denote the firm of solicitors engaged in the case. ) Banks, W., bookseller and stationer. Westgate, Grantham. Dec. 28. J. B. Schofield, Grantham. Braimbridge, J. , bookseller, Peel-st., Hull. Dec. 16. Park&Son, Hull. Bromley, W., printer and lithographer, Mount Pleasant and Prospect- hill, Redditch. Dec. 6. S. B. Williams, 54, Prospect-hill, Redditch. Crafts, T., stationer and newsagent, Coppice-side, Swadlincote, Derby¬ shire. Nov. 28. Dewes & Musson, Ashby-de-la-Zouch. DoWton, A. , bookseller, stationer, &c., Maryland-rd., Harrow-rd. Nov. 29. Hatchett-Jones & Letcher, 47, Mark-lane. KeOdle, C., business agent, trading as C. Keddle & Son, Crampton- st., Newington Butts, late Garden-row, London-rd., also trading as The Economic Printers' Joinery Company, at Amelia-st., Wal¬ worth. Nov. 21. Hicklin & Washington, 1, Trinity-sq., Southwark, Moss, J., printer and bookbinder, Park-st., Southwark Bridge, and 81, Culmore-rd., Old Kent-rd. Dec. 6. J. R. Chidley, Great Winches¬ ter-street. Owen, T. E., bookseller, &c., Llandeiniolen, Carnarvonshire. Dec. 8, C. H. Rees, Carnarvon. Pembo, C., advertising agent, Fleet-st., Queen Victoria-st., and Maxilla- gardens, Notting Hill. Dec. 19. H. C. Gosnell, 63, Moorgate-st. Pusey, G., fancy stationer, White Hart-street, High Wycombe, Dec, 19, J. Batting, Great Marlow, Dividends. Bast, W. H. (Liq.), bill-poster, Gigant-st., Salisbury. 1st and final div. of is. 2'/id., at H. G. Vincent's, (St. Ann-st., Salisbury. SOARS, E. T. (Liq.), printer and stationer, Loughborough, Leicestershire. 1st div. of 5s., at J. S. Jones's, Rectory-pi., Loughborough. Appointments of Trustees. Cockrill, J. W. , & C. McVicar, fancy stationers, Patemoster-sq. , and Speke-rd., Clapham Junction, late Ivy-lane. T. W. Woodhouse, stationer, 35, Red Lion-sq., High Holbom. Dawson, J. (Liq.), paper-merchant, trading as Dawson & Co., Sheffield. H. P. Lister, accountant, Sheffield. Pile, W. J. (Liq.)., stationer, Bomore-rd., Notting-hill. W. Murdoch, accountant, 80, Cornhill. Smith, T. (Liq.), stationer, Stevenage, Herts. G. Jackson, auctioneer, Hitchin. Trustee and Commissioners Appointed. Russell, J., printer, Thirlestane-rd. , Edinburgh, late Galashiels. Tr., A. D. Smith, accountant, Edinburgh. Corns., R. Fortune, druggist, Anstruther ; J. Jeffray, baker, Tillicoultry ; and R. Hall, builder, Galashiels. Bills of Sale Recently Filed. ( The dates given are those on -which the Bills were filed. ) Bruton, F. J., stationer, Thurso Villa, Levenshulme, and 41, Shudehill, Manchester, to Union Loan, &c., Company. Dec. 13 . j£i6o Colwell, E. , bookseller, stationer, and printer, Oak Villa, Clive-st., and 149, Widemarsh-st., Hereford, to E. Oldbury. Dec. 22 . £25° Cooper, R. H., wood-engraver, 3, Luxor-st., Camberwell, to Mutual Loan Fund Association. Dec. 13 . .,£30 Crawford, W. H., & wife, advertising agent, 4, Albion-villas, Cambridge- rd., New Malden, to H. E. Crawford, sen. Dec. 9 . Set. tr. wife Jan. 15, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 25 Dohren, H., stationer's warehouseman, 23, Kirkwood-rd. , Peckham, to J. Pool. Dec. 7 . . £50 Gregory, J., stationer, Easthalia, 13, Mountfield-rd, Grove Hill, Tunbridge Wells, and 25, High-st., Tonbridge, to H. Harrison. Dec. ig ...£40 Hainf.s, C., stationer, 1, Cheltenham-ter., Crescent-rd., Earley, Berks., to W. Usher. Dec. 28 . i . ^34 Hill, A. K., pen and penholder manufacturer, Kingston House, Tyburn, Aston, Birmingham, and 9 and 10, Great Russell-st., Birmingham, to C. J. Collins and another. Nov. 30 . £9°° Hobbs, T. E. , law stationer, &c., 188, Cheltenham-rd. , Bristol, to J. T. Williams. Dec. r . ^50 Jarvis, E. S., printer, 2, Albion-pl., Peckham-rd., Peckham, to L. and W. Loan, &c., Company. Dec. 16 . £36 Kent, W. J. R., stationer, &c., 70, Chalk Farm-rd., to C. G. Woodroffe. Dec. 12 . £50 Madders, A. G., publisher, 26, Townshend-villas, Marshgate, Richmond, to L. and W. Loan, &c., Company. Dec. 2 . ,Fiio Nix, F., die-sinker, 37, Azenby-sq., Peckham, and 13, Swallow-st., Regent-st., to C. E. Tomkins. Dec. 7 . ^36 Poultney, E., stationer’s manager, 4, William-villas, Carnarvon-rd., Wood¬ ford, Essex, toj. Poultney. Dec. 11 . £360 Ray, A., stationer, &c., trading as T. Ray & Co., High-st., Slough, Bucks, toj. F. Tee. Dec. 8 . ^50 SMYTH, I. J., & W. Yervvorth, printers, Holborn-buildings, Holborn, City, to H. Spalding and others. Dec. 6 . Assignment TlNCKLER, G., publisher, 34, Gt. Portland-st., toP. H. Roe. Dec. 12. ^'72 Renewal of Registration of Bills of Sale. Birtwhistle, J. W., bookseller, 80, Coventry-rd. and Christchurch-pas- sage, Birmingham, to A. Patterson. Orig. B.S. filed, Dec. 22, 1877 ; Re-reg. , Dec. 5, 1882 . . ^40. Duggan, C. S., paper agent, inorig. B.S. .described as of 4, Portland-ter., South Hackney, now known as 59, Lauriston-rd., South Hackney, to W. S. Haigh. Orig. B.S. filed, Dec. 19, 1877 ; Re-reg., Dec. 8, 1882. _ £l05- Satisfaction. Gould, F., stationer, 204, Cheltenham-rd., Stokes Croft, Bristol, to L. Solomon. B.S. filed July 15, 1882 ; satisfied, Dec. 1 ; amnt., ^120. Meetings of Creditors, &c. At the meeting of creditors of F. G. Lock, publisher, Leicester, a statement of affairs was produced, showing liabilities ^241. os. 6d., and assets £31, 123. gd. A resolution was passed to accept 3s. in the pound, payable by three instalments at three, six, and nine months, to be secured to the satisfaction of the second meeting. Mr. Thomas, clerk to Mr. T. Wright, solicitor, Belvoir-street, Leicester, was appointed trustee to receive and distribute the composition. An adjourned first meeting of the creditors of W. J. Stokes was lately held. The bankrupt, described as of 4, Wine Office-court, Fleet-street, publisher, was adjudicated on November 3, upon the petition of Messrs. Leighton, Son, & Hodge, of New-street-square. Owing to the continued absence of a quorum of creditors, a trustee could not be appointed, and Mr. Registrar Hazlitt reported the case to the court, in order to determine whether the bankruptcy should proceed or be annulled. Mr. Barnard Morris, carrying on business as advertising agent, at 80, Lombard-street, and residing in Lee-road, Blackheath, has filed a petition for liquidation, and his affairs were, on the 5th inst., brought before Mr. Registrar Brougham. Mr. Peace applied for the appointment of Mr. Robert Payne, accountant, Moorgate-street, as receiver of the estate, and for an injunction restraining further proceedings in numerous actions. The liabilities were stated to amount to about £16,000, and the assets, consisting of furniture and effects and book-debts, were estimated at ^3,000. His Honour made the appointment, and granted an injunction until after the statutory meeting, to be held on Thursday, the 25th inst. , at two o'clock, at the Masons’ Hall Tavern, Masons’-avenue. - »— a »— • - ©Btfwatjn Allen. — We have to announce the death of Mr. John Allen, who for eighteen years acted as sub-editor of the Morning Post, which took place on the 4th inst. The deceased gentleman had been ailing for some time, but continued at his post until Christmas Eve. Mr. Allen was in his sixtieth year. Althans. — The death is announced, on the 15th ult., of Mr. Althans, who for forty-six years was in the business department of the Religious Tract Society. During the last six years he filled the post of trade manager. He was the son of Mr. Henry Althans, of the Sunday School Union. He died in his sixty-seventh year, at his residence, West Lodge, White Hart-lane, Tottenham. Arends. — The death is announced of Herr Leopold Arends, who, as the author of a popular system of shorthand, may be called the Isaac Pitman of Germany. Bom in 1817, near Wilna, in Russia, he was educated at Riga, and studied science and philosophy at Dorpat and Berlin. Falkner. — It is with extreme regret that we announce the sudden death, on the 31st ult., of Mr. George Falkner, the well-known printer, of Manchester. He was born at Edinburgh in the year 1817, and the ability which he displayed was in a certain sense hereditary, for his father was a man of considerable mark in the Scottish capital. He was apprenticed to the art of printing in his native city, and afterwards worked in London. In 1841 he settled at Manchester, and in connexion with Mr. George Brad¬ shaw began an active literary career. Messrs. Bradshaw & Blacklock were not only the publishers of the railway-guides with which their names have become so indissolubly connected, but were contemplating an important venture in local literature. The first number of Bradshaw s Manchester Journal appeared May 1, 1841, and its editor was Mr. George Falkner. Four volumes of this illustrated periodical were issued, and in announcing its discontinuance in April, 1843, Mr. Falkner alluded to the difficulty of establishing such a magazine in the English provinces. In 1852 Mr. Falkner published some “Notes on Algiers" to accompany Danson's colossal representation of the bombardment of 1816. He was an eye¬ witness in 1870 of some of the later scenes of the Franco-German war, and his impressions were described in a series of letters which appeared in the Manchester Guardian. In 1880 he contributed to the Manchester City News a series of reminiscences and associations, in which he gave some incidental particulars of his acquaintance with Ebenezer Elliott and the family of Burns ; of the visit of George IV. to Edinburgh ; of his own school-days, and the preaching of Edward Irving ; of his early experiences in “reading" for the press, and a variety of matters connected with his life in London. Last year he issued “A Pilgrimage to the Shrine of Our Lady of Loreto,” a work noticed in the Printing Times and Litho¬ grapher a few months ago. Mr. Falkner was a shrewd man of business, and did not allow either his artistic or literary tastes to interfere with the energetic prosecution of his work as a printer and lithographer. His firm obtained a well-earned reputation for the excellence of the maps and plans connected with a great variety of engineering projects and public improve¬ ments. He also paid great attention to artistic printing, and may almost be said to have initiated a new departure in the use of antique type and ornament. As in the earlier part of his career he had been the friend of the literary man, so in his later career he was the friend of the artist. His own collection was one made with care and judgment, and most of those whose works adorned his house were his own personal friends. The Manchester Guardian of the 2nd inst. devotes a column to a eulogistic memoir of the deceased, in the course of which mention is made of the great interest he took in the local Blind Asylum and the Royal Institution and other agencies. The writer concludes as follows : — His death leaves a vacant place not easily filled. He united to kindness of disposition, literary taste, and artistic judgment, the promptitude and punctuality of a thorough man of business. Fisher. — -We have to record the death of Mr. Joseph Fisher, proprietor of the Waterford Mail, who died on the 7th ult . at Waterford. He was a voluminous writer and a fluent speaker. Galignani.— We regret to announce the death of Mr. William Galig- nani, which took place on the 12th instant, at his residence, 82, Faubourg St. Honore, Paris. The deceased gentleman, who was in the eighty-fifth year ot his age, had long been an invalid, but, notwithstanding his infirmities, he remained in the full enjoyment of his intellectual faculties to the last. Mr. Galignani was the younger of the two brothers through whose intelli¬ gent exertions Galignani' s AJessenger steadily extended its influence for upwards of half a century. The deceased, like his elder brother, who pre¬ deceased him, was born in London. Their father, a native of Brescia, opened an English bookselling and publishing business in Paris in 1800, and in 1809 started a monthly English review. He founded the Messenger in 1814, and died in 1821, when it became a daily issue. Mr. William Galignani was Mayor of Soisy-sous-Etiolles, and was a knight of the Legion of Honour. A further reference to Mr. Galignani will be found under our Topics of the Month. Hope. — Mr. Johnson Hope, stationer, of Mount-street, Halifax, died on the 18th ult., aged seventy-six years. Huber, Kaspar, the landscape-engraver, died afew days ago in Zurich. He studied under Poppel in Munich, and from 1843 until quite recently has been the most popular landscape-engraver in Switzerland and Northern Germany. The first works which left his busy atelier in Zurich, forty years ago, were his plates to Professor Utrich’s "Schweiz in Bildern.’’ These were followed by the beautiful illustrations to the late Professor Osenbrug- gen's “Die Urschweiz,” upon which Huber was engaged for four years. He was a great mountaineer, and had a passion for mountain scenery. He was occupied, at the time of his death, with the fifth of a series of six Alpine views engraved upon an imposing scale. Four of these have been published — “ Das Wellhorn und Wetterhorn,” “ Die Wengern-Alp,” “ Die Vierwaldstattersee," and “Die Bernina.” A fifth, “St. Moritz,” is, we believe, finished but not yet published. Huber was exclusively a steel- plate engraver, but by the blending of etching and aquatint he gave a soft and painting-like effect to his work. In his own special province of land¬ scape he was probably unsurpassed among his contemporaries. He was a man of great mechanical ingenuity, and invented various machines and contrivances which are used in copper-plate printing and lithography. — Academy. Jones. — Mr. C. A. Jones, for many years a member of the council of the Printers’ Pension, &c., Corporation, died on the 10th ult. Mr. Jones, who was on the printing staff of the Morning Advertiser, had suffered from failing health, consequent upon a severe accident, for a considerable time. Lee. — We have to announce the death of Mr. J. Lee, who during his residence at Wood-green was the honorary local visitor of the Printers' Almshouses. MacKenna. — The death is announced of Mr. S. J. MacKenna, late sub-editor of the Evening News, which took place on the 5th inst. Piiilp. — The death is announced of Mr. Robert Kemp Philp, at Clare- mont-square, Islington. He came to London in 1845, and since then had E 26 THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Jan. 15, 1883. pursued a never-ceasing round of editing and publishing. In 1856 he issued in monthly parts, under the title of “ Enquire Within upon Every¬ thing," a vast miscellany of curious information, which hit the public fancy with such effect that at least 400,000 copies have been sold since its first appearance. A great multitude of similar works soon followed ; there was “ The Biblical Reason Why,” “The Historical Reason Why," and " The Denominational Reason Why.” The Academy mentions that the huge petition of the National Convention, which was signed by more than 3,000,000 persons, and borne into the House of Commons in May, 1842, by sixteen masons, was drawn up by Mr. Philp. At the time of his death he had completed his sixt3’-third year. NOTICES, The terms for Annual Subscription to the Printing Times and Litho¬ grapher are as follows r. d. To any address in the United Kingdom . 7 6 To the Continent, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Canada, and the U nited States of America . 8 o To the East Indies, China, &c. {via, Brindisi) . 9 o All subscriptions are payable in advance. Office : 74 to 76, Great Queen Street, London, W.C. Pollet. — M. Victor-Florence Pollet, the celebrated French engraver and water-colour painter, died about the middle of last month at Mayenne, where he had been staying during several months for the benefit of his health. He was born in Paris in i8ir, studied, first, under Ingres and Paul Dela- roche, and then, after entering the studio of Richaume, carried off, in 1838, the Prix de Rome for engraving. His best-known works are: — "The Violin-Player,” executed at Rome after Raphael; “Joan of Arc," after Ingres ; “ The Well of Salome,” after Beda. Pollet was a knight of the Legion of Honour, and member of the Amsterdam Academy. Ward. — -We regret to announce the death of Mr. Robert Ward, pro¬ prietor of the North of England Advertiser , Newcastle. For only a short time he had suffered from erysipelas, which first exhibited itself in the form of a severe cold on the 21st ult., and the fatal issue took place on the 2nd inst. at the residence of the deceased gentleman in Summerhill- terrace, Newcastle. Mr. Ward served his apprenticeship as a printer in the Courant Office in Pilgrim-street. He then spent a year or two in London as an "improver,'' and returning to Newcastle he commenced business in the old Tyne Mercury Office, St. Nicholas' Churchyard, in 1845. Between five-and-twenty and thirty years ago he removed to Dean- street. In connexion with the printing profession, which he continued to carry on there to the last, he started in 1855 his newspaper, the North of England Advertiser. In 1880, the deceased wrote and published a work entitled, "The Constitution of the Earth,” whilst the “ Pocket-book ” and the "Local Directory” which bear his name, the former of which was commenced in 1847 and the latter in 1849, have reached their present dimensions from very humble beginnings. Mr. Ward was in private life a genial and pleasant friend. The deceased, who was in his sixty-first year, was related to the family of Bewick, the famous wood-engraver. In 1862, he edited and printed Bewick’s "Autobiography" ; and before his illness he had arranged with Mr. Bernard Quaritch, of Piccadilly, to produce a Memorial Edition of Bewick- — an important project which will, no doubt, be duly carried out. Yeoman. — The death is announced of Mr. J. C. Yeoman, treasurer of the London Society of Compositors, which took place suddenly on the 19th ult. The deceased, who was sixty years of age, had been for a number of years employed at the office of Messrs. Whittingham. Ale claims against the estate of the late Mr. W. Watson, stationer, of Highbury-hill and Cannon-street, who died on December 26th, 1882, must be sent in by the 31st instant to Messrs. West, King, Adams, & Co., of 66, Cannon-street. - ©-ss o gs=^e - (EnelBefe to €om0ponbtni&, E. E. H., London. — You will notice that we have taken full account of the matter. Thanks, all the same. J. S., Wokingham. — Very pleased to hear from you. We shall not hesitate to avail ourselves of your kind offer of assistance when in need of your special knowledge. W. H., London. — You will perceive that we have resumed the publica¬ tion of the articles on " Colour and Colour-Printing, as applied to Litho¬ graphy ” in our present issue, and we now hope to continue the work to completion. J. G. W., Munich. — We shall hope to see you when you visit London ; meanwhile, we have done our best to assist you. The firm to whom you refer write to us on the subject of your proposal as follows : — “ We have carefully considered the enclosures in yours of Dec. 29th, but fail to see the practicability of one of our two-colour machines, or any other existing machine, being made to print two colours and emboss at one operation : of course you are aware that machines are made to print one colour and emboss at one operation.” Lithography.— -C. A. C. Id., Rochester, New Hampshire, U.S.A. — Your appreciation is very gratifying. If we do not say more of so-called "new processes" it is because we have nothing good to say. In the majority of instances there is no novelty and little merit in them. We have already traversed the field very exhaustively ; nevertheless, we keep a vigilant eye open for all that is new and good in Lithography, as our pages amply testify from month to month. The fact is, Senefelder left his successors little to improve on, and really next to nothing to discover. - The address you want is — Messrs. Field & Tuer, Leadenhall Press, Leaden- hall-street, London, E.C. Volume VIII. of the PRINTING TIMES &* LITHOGRAPHER is now ready , bound in cloth and gilt-lettered , price 8r. 6 d., {comprising the numbers published in 1882). The Cases for binding the Volume may also be had, price is. 6 d. Complete copies, on being sent to the Publishers, will be bound for 2 s. 6 d. Volume I. of the New Series is now entirely out of print. Volumes II. to VI I. , from January, 1876, to December, 1881, however, are to be had, price 8r. 6d. each. INDEX TO TRADE ANNOUNCEMENTS, PAGE Ai.auzet, P. — Two-Colour Printing Machines . 23 Avery, J., & Co. — Printers, Sec. . . 5 Ayi.ing, J. J.— Zincography . 10 Bacon & Son, Machinagraphists,&c. 5 Bacon, J. E., & A. S., Machina- graphists . 4 Raddeley Bros., Die Sinkers, &c. 6 Bailey, \V. H., & Co., Engineers.. 9 B 1 rd, W. H. , Printers’ Broker . 5 Cassell, Petter, & Galpin.— Electrotypes . 5 Castiglioni, L. G., Chromo-Litho Artist to the Trade . 5 Ciialfont Paper Co . . 6 Cook & Son, Printers’ Smiths .... 5 Coombes, W. J., Engraver . 4 Cornelissen & Son— Artist Colour- men . 6 Cropper & Co. — “ Minerva” Ma¬ chine . 20 Darton, T. G., & Co., Bookbinders 6 Dickinson, J., & Co. — Printing Papers . 24 Dix, H. & A., Engravers . 5 Edwards & Williams — Number¬ ing Machines . 2 Elmore, W. — Electro Machine ... . 8 Eyre & Spottiswoode. — Birthday and Easter Cards . 3 Fieldhouse, Elliot, & Co., iviacnmists . _ . 21 Fleming, A. B., & Co. (Lim.)— Inks 6 Foot Brothers, Machine Printers to the Trade . 5 Ford,T. B. — Paper Manufacturer. . 12 Forman, T., & Son, Lithographers 7 Foster, j., & Sons, Printers’ En¬ gineers . 8 Furnival & Co.. Machinists - 14, 15 Glossary of Technical Terms . 4 Gloy Manufacturing Co. — Glue 12 Greig & Sons. — Machines . 24 Grosvenor, H. — Surface Coloured- Papers . 5 Heath, J. — Stationers’ Sundries . . 4 Hieronimus, W., Show-Card Frame Maker . 4 Hill, N. J. — Bookbinders’ Materials n Hird. — Improved Pneumatic De¬ liverer . 4 Holmes & Son, Auctioneers and Valuers . 4 Horl£, F. — Chemical and Dry¬ saltery Products . 7 Ingle — “ City ” Printing Machine . . 12 Johnstone & Cumbers. — Inks .. 6 Jones, A. G., Draughtsman, &c. .. 6 Justice, P. S., Patentee . 3 Kidd & Co. — Printing Inks . 10 Kingdon & Co. — Printers, &c . 4 Kritch & Garland, Printers’ Engineers . 23 PAGE Lorili.eux & Co. — Printing Inks .. n MackinnoN, P. — Bookbinders’ Utensils, &c . 2 Mann & Co. — Chromo-Litho Ma¬ chines . 21 Maktyn, H. M., Paper-Maker .. 19 Masters, T., Draughtsman . 4 Middleton & Co. — Machinists _ 22 Miller, W., & Sons, Type¬ founders, &c . 5 Miscellaneous Advertisements 7 Mitchell’s Newspaper Press Directory . 4 Moore, C. F., Printers’ Smith _ 2 Parsons, Fletcher, & Co. — Inks 1 Paul, J. C., & Son. — Printing Materials . 11 Payne & Sons. — Self-Clamp Paper- Cutter . 17 Printing Trades’ Exhibition 1883 . 3 Queen, J., Wood Engraver . 7 Risdon, C., Litho Artist . 4 Rufus, J. A., Steam Printer . 5 Sands & McDougall, Wholesale Stationers . 4 Shuttleworth & Bunn, Printers to the Trade . 2 Situations — Vacant and Wanted . . 7 Slater & Palmer. — Printing Inks 19 Stott, J., & Co. — Gas Engineers . . 9 Targett, Barrett, & Co., Litho¬ graphers . 2 Taylor B rs. , Chromo-Lithographers 2 Thompson, T. Q., Machinist . 4 Tuck, R., & Sons, Fine Art Pub¬ lishers . 13 Ui.lmer, F. — Printing Machines, &c . 18 Venables, Tyler, & Sons, Whole¬ sale Stationers . 11 Wade, J. — “ Arab" Platen Machine 20 Waterlow & Sons (Limited). — Stylographic Pen . 3 Watkins, William — -Engraver.. .. 4 Westleys & Co., Bookbinders,... 5 Whiteman & Bass, Engravers, &c. 9 Whiteman, Printer, &c . 5 Willmott & Sons, Machine Rulers 4 Winstone & Son — Printinglnks,&c. 16 Winterhoff, F., & Co., Litho Material Manufacturers . iS Woodward, J., Electrotyper . 2 Zorn, Bahnson&Co. — Lithographic Materials . 2 WRAPPER. Durable Printers’ Roller Co.. 4 Furnival & Co., Machinists . 1 Hildesheimer, S., & Co., Stove Screens . 2 Spalding & Hodge, Paper-Makers 3 NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS, The Scale of Charges for each insertion for Advertising in the Printing Times and Lithographer is as follows : — Space occupied. I Month. 3 Months. 6 Months. 12 Months. s. d. s. d. s. d. £. s. d Single Page . 4 10 O 4 0 O 3 16 O 3 3 0 Half Page . 2 10 O 2 5 O 2 2 0 I 17 6 One-third Page ... I 15 O I 12 O 1 10 0 1 5 0 Quarter Page . I 7 0 1 4 O 1 2 6 1 O 0 One-sixth Page ... O 18 0 O l6 0 0 is O O 13 6 One-eighth Page ... O 13 6 O 12 O 0 11 6 O 10 0 One-twelfth Page... O 9 0 0 8 O 0 7 6 O 6 6 Card (2j x ij) . O 5 O O 4 6 0 4 O 0 3 6 Ditto (if k ij) . O 4 O O 3 6 0 3 0 0 2 6 Wrapper and Special pages by arrangement. Feb. 15, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 27 Copies of t$t Qltonf(5* less than Sixty-Six Candidates are seeking the suffrages of the subscribers to the Pension Fund of the Printers’ Pension, Almshouse, and Orphan Asylum Cor¬ poration, at the next election, — the sixty- first, — fixed for Saturday, March 3, Twenty-nine of the candidates are men, and the remainder widows. Out of the above total only seventeen are to be elected ; each oftheunsuccessful candidates will, however, receive some gratuity eitherfrom the Christmas Distribution Fund or the Dramatic Pension Fund. The election will take place between the hours of one and three o’clock, at the Holborn Town Hall- The annual meeting will be held on the following Saturday, the 10th of March, at the Memorial Hall, Farringdon-street, at three o’clock. The following members of the Council retire by rotation, all of whom offer themselves for re-election : — Messrs. N. H. Bayley, W. Blades, R. K. Burt, G. T. Glynn, C. Southwood, W. Thomas, and E. F. Wyman. 4* + + Controversy is happily not likely to occupy the subscribers to the Printers’ Charities at the annual meeting to be held next month. Nevertheless, we hope that the attendance will be large, and that use will be made of the occasion to make known the wishes of the subscribers on one or two matters which would benefit by an expression of public opinion. Print¬ ing has increased, is increasing, and certainly will not diminish. Printers have multiplied in proportion, and taken as a whole the Printing business is at least as well-to-do as it ever has been. If we look to the receipts of our three Trade Charities, we do not, however, find a like ratio of prosperity. Never before did they command so large a publicity as they now enjoy, and this mainly through the unanimous and gratuitous advocacy of the Press ; and yet with all this help and the manful, if tardy, co-operation of the employers, we hear of increasingly long lists of disappointed candidates at each election, and large deficits and threatened suspension of useful operations. Why is this ? Lack of support is, we are told, the cause. But with multiplied advantages, such as we have partly glanced at, and the stability which belongs to old and tried institutions, this is to our mind a very discreditable plea. If money does not come in, some one is to blame. Is it the Council, for not properly directing the paid officers ; or the paid officers, for neglecting to fulfil their duty as directed by the Council ? + + + Quite as notorious as the fact of a perennial state of poverty in our Charities is the fact that instead of the Trade being per¬ sistently, consistently, and thoroughly canvassed for subscriptions all the year round, nothing or next to nothing is done to get in new funds, except by voluntary and unpaid workers. More than this, we believe that five per cent, is pocketed by the Collector of the Charities for doing nothing to bring in these fresh subscriptions. Herein, we think, is a great scandal. We have a Collector who devotes only part instead of the whole of his time to the cause of the Charities, and so far as we can judge is so lukewarm in his own interest as not even to attempt to increase his commission. This may suit the Collector, but it does not suit the funds of the Printers’ Corporation. An active officer would easily double the small subscriptions ; and, if it does not suit Mr. Pope to devote his undivided energies to this task, he should be supplanted by a more efficient man. Before next March some better understanding should be arrived at with regard to his duties; otherwise we unhesitatingly advise the subscribers not to re-elect him. 4* 4* 4* The Printers’ New Year’s Collection had realised, up to the 9th instant, the sum of .£129. I is. 6d. — an amount not to be despised, and likely to be yet further increased. We trust, however, that none of the contributors will be led to think this form of help a substitute for regular subscription to our Trade Charities. The New Year’s Collection was designed to gather in the stray pennies of the younger and poorer members of the fraternity, who are obviously unable to pay five shillings, not to give an excuse for neglecting this duty to those who have it in their power to subscribe annually to one or all of the three Funds. 4* 4* 4* His Royal Highness the Duke of Albany has con¬ sented to preside at the Anniversary Festival of the Printers’ Corporation, to be held on Tuesday, the 19th June next, when it is anticipated there will be a very large attendance. Let us hope there will also be a very liberal subscription in behalf of our deserving and needy Charities. 4* 4* 4* Mr. W. H. COLLINGRIDGE, of the City Press, the indefati¬ gable Official Visitor of the Printers’ Almshouses, has been recently elected Upper Warden of the Horners’ Company. 4. 4. 4. The Municipal Council of Paris has under consideration a proposition for erecting a statue to the memory of Etienne Dolet, the martyr-printer, who was burnt alive on the Place Maubert in 1546, and of whom a full account was given in these pages some months ago. 4* 4* 4* With all our boasted postal facilities, there can be no doubt that the trading community of this country is still hampered by a number of vexatious official restrictions. Printers and publishers are, perhaps, more affected by these anomalous limitations than any other section of the community, and we are, therefore, pleased to hear that the London Chamber of Commerce has been giving their attention to the matter. Some time ago they appointed a special committee to inquire into the subject, and the latter body have lately submitted their report. In it they deal with a variety of matters ; but we need only draw attention here to those which specially concern the Printing and Publishing interests. Our Continental neighbours have reduced their postal rates for newspapers, circulars, and printed matter generally, considerably below those levied in this country. Thus, for instance, while the charge for printed circulars conveyed by the English post-office is one halfpenny, the charge abroad is as low as a tenth of a penny. The adoption of a farthing rate is, therefore, suggested, which charge would still be considerably in excess of the corresponding tariff in force in France, Belgium, and Germany. It is also rightly urged that the restrictions now in force as to the transmission of printed matter and circulars should be revised. How the present system works [may be gathered from the fact, that if a printed card or trade circular, addressed to any place F 28 THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Fee. 15, 1883. in the United Kingdom, be placed inside an envelope, the flap being simply tucked in and a halfpenny stamp affixed, and such fact is noticed by the postal authorities, the halfpenny will be disallowed and a penny charged on delivery. If, on the other hand, such card and envelope be posted in Paris or Brussels, the halfpenny stamp will carry it to its destination in England ! With a view of emphasising this anomalous state of things, the committee observe, that “from London to Clapham the charge would be one penny, from Vienna to Clapham one halfpenny.” ❖ *F «F Of all arbitrary restrictions made by the Post-Office, none seems to be more vexatious and unjust than that which draws a distinction for postal purposes between weekly and monthly publications. Daily and weekly journals are now treated alike, and carried at newspaper postage ; and there is no good reason why monthlies should not be classed in the same category. The present distinction is one of a most invidious nature, and altogether illogical. The first condition laid down in the Post- Office Guide as entitling a publication to the newspaper rate is as follows : — “The publication must consist wholly or in great part of political or other news, or of articles relating thereto, or to other current topics.” Now a journal like the Printing Times and Lithographer, for instance, complies with this condition, and yet forsooth, because the interval of publication is four weeks instead of one week, our subscribers are mulcted in an additional penny, or in other words an in¬ crease of postage equivalent to two hundred per ce?it. Nor can it be averred that this differential rate is justified by any in¬ crease of weight, since the double sheet of the daily Times , carried for one halfpenny, is equal in weight to our own journal. There is thus great need for the reconsideration of regulations that retain such trumpery and irrational distinctions, and the members of the London Chamber of Commerce have our warmest sympathy in their efforts to bring about a reform in connexion with these and other anomalies. In one of Lord Beaconsfield’s novels he makes one of the characters say, that England should think more of the community, and less of the Government ; it were to be wished that our otherwise energetic Postmaster-General were to take this advice to heart, and think more of the public convenience, and less of the surplus to be handed over annually by his department to the Trea¬ sury for general Budget purposes. ❖ >F *F One cannot regard it as an auspicious augury, that the first case that came before the Queen’s Bench Division, since its removal to the Royal Courts of Justice in the Strand, had reference to a libel action. The case is singular as arising out of action for libel brought by two brothers of Mr. Chamberlain, the President of the Board of Trade, against a Mr. Boyd, the damages being laid at ,£5,000 in each instance. Some two months ago the affair came before one of the Courts on a side issue, at the instance of Mr. Boyd, who alleged that the damage complained of was of too remote a character. This demurrer was overruled by Mr. Justice Field. The Times , however, took the opportunity of pointing out, in a leading article, what it considered the ill-advised nature of the action, and comment¬ ing upon its then aspect. This article was made the subject of complaint, and led to a motion being made on the opening day of the Hilary Sittings for a rule calling on the publisher of the Tunes to show cause why he should not be held guilty of con¬ tempt of court. The Court (consisting of Lord Coleridge, Mr. Baron Pollock, and Mr. Justice Manisty) granted the rule asked for against both the Times and the Observer , the latter paper having also commented upon the matter. The issue of the case, so far as the newspapers named are concerned, will be watched with interest, since such proceedings for contempt against the Periodical Press have been comparatively rare during recent years. It may be worth mentioning here, that the mode of punishment -for contempt of court is fine or im¬ prisonment ; but, singularly enough, neither the extent of the one nor the duration of the other has ever been definitely settled. ❖ 4* *F NOTHING could be more plainly worded than Section 3 of the Newspaper Libel Act, passed in 1881. It provides that “ no criminal prosecution shall be commenced against any proprietor, publisher, editor . . . for any libel published therein, without the written fiat or allowance of the Director of Public Prosecutions.” This provision was, of course, intended to stem the current of those vindictive criminal prosecutions which were at one time so frequent ; and with that object it was left to the discretion of the Director of Public Prosecutions to decide on the merits of each case submitted to his considera¬ tion. The other day an English firm of wine-merchants who felt aggrieved at some remarks made in a German print, said to have a large circulation in this country, applied to the Public Prosecutor for his fiat to prosecute the paper in question criminally. This being refused, they were ill-advised enough to ask the Queen’s Bench to issue a mandamus com¬ pelling the before-named functionary to comply with their request. *F *F *F Mr. Beslev, who appeared for the applicant, argued that, the publication of a libel being once recognised, the Public Prosecutor had no choice but to grant his fiat, in support of which assertion reference was made to Section 4, which authorises a magistrate to dismiss the case should he consider that a jury at the trial would be likely to acquit the person charged. There seems to us, however, no such connexion between the two clauses as Mr. Besley sought to infer, since the magistrate’s power to dismiss certain cases does not per se imply a uniform obligation upon the Public Prosecutor to grant his consent to every criminal procedure for libel that it may be desired to initiate. This view was taken by Baron Pollock and Mr. Justice Manisty, who were not disposed to deny the dis¬ cretion so specifically laid down in the Libel Act, and they therefore refused the application. To interpret the Act in any other sense would render it of no effect. A criminal indictment is indeed an anomaly of the law only justifiable in exceptional circumstances. Lord Erskine urged in his day, that though the principles of criminal and civil justice were distinguished by as clear a boundary as that which separates the hemispheres of light and darkness, and that though they were carried into daily practice throughout the whole circle of the law, they were confounded and blended together whenever a libel was in question. This reproach was partly removed by the Libel Act of 1881, and Mr. Besley’s unsuccessful application has happily thrown this fact into stronger relief. *F *f -t* While the power of vetoing criminal prosecutions for libel has thus been effectually secured to the Public Prosecutor, there remains, however, another method of criminal procedure which can be invoked against printers and publishers without the consent of that functionary. We allude to a criminal inform¬ ation for libel, such as was applied for on the 1st inst. by the Attorney-General ex-officio against the publisher of the World. The alleged libel complained of was believed to have reference to Lord Lonsdale, whose name had not, however, been actually mentioned. The Attorney-General, in making his application for a criminal information, pointed out that in his opinion the fiat of the Public Prosecutor was not required to initiate such proceedings, which were x'eally applications for the exercise of the extraordinary jurisdiction of the High Court, not “ prose¬ cutions” in the ordinary sense. Mr. Baron Pollock, in granting a rule nisi , fully endorsed that opinion, holding that the enact¬ ment in the Libel Law of 1881 could not be intended to have reference to applications for criminal information by the Attorney-General, since it would otherwise interfere with the prerogative of the Crown. The very fact that this exceptional mode of redress can only be initiated by the Attorney-General or the Solicitor-General is in itself a guarantee against its wanton abuse. As to the general policy of such ex-officio informations as a mode of prosecuting libels, there has, how¬ ever, long been a considerable diversity of opinion ; printers and publishers cannot be expected to look upon them with a favourable eye. *F *F *F It may be remembered that, in connexion with the action for libel brought some two years ago by Mr. Levy Lawson against Mr. Labouchere, the important question was raised, whether at the preliminary hearing of such a prosecution the magistrate could be compelled to hear evidence in justification of the libel. , Sir Robert Carden refused to do so, and the case was carried Feb. 15, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 29 to the Queen’s Bench, by which Court the magistrate’s decision was confirmed. This ruling imposed an undoubted hardship upon newspaper proprietors and printers,- — a fact recognised by the framers of the Libel Act passed in 1881, in which provision was made to do away with this anomalous state of things. The fourth section is explicit on this point ; it says : — “A court of summary jurisdiction, upon the hearing of a charge for libel, may receive evidence as to the publication being for the public benefit, and as to the matters charged in the libel being true .... and as to any matter which under this or any other Act, or otherwise, might be given in evidence by way of defence by the person charged on his trial or indictment.” A question turning upon the application of this clause arose the other day in Ireland. Mr. W. O’Brien, editor of United Ireland, was charged before the chief police magistrate of Dublin with having published in the paper named a seditious libel. Counsel, who appeared on his behalf, sought in justification to tender evidence to show that the statements complained of were true, grounding his right to do so upon the above section of the new Libel Act. The magistrate, however, declined to hear such evidence. Mr. O’Brien’s counsel thereupon asked for an adjournment of the case, with a view to appeal to the Irish Court of Queen’s Bench for a mandamus directing the magis¬ trate to hear the evidence proffered. ❖ * * ON the 15th ult. this important side issue came on for hear¬ ing in the Queen’s Bench at Dublin, before the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland and Mr. Justice Lawson, who without hesitation refused the application. The Lord Chief Justice in giving his decision said : — It was laid down in “The Queen v. Duffy”— a libel against the state, and therefore against the public — that the greater the truth the greater the libel. The law was well established and familiar. Prior to Lord Camp¬ bell's Act, in a civil action for libel it was competent to the defendant to aver the truth of the matter complained of ; but in the case of a public prosecution or indictment the law was otherwise, and the truth of the libel was no defence. Then Lord Campbell's Act enabled a defendant in an action for defamatory libel to allege, first, that the matter charged was true, and, secondly, that it was for the public benefit that it should be published. But in “The Queen v. Duffy” the Queen’s Bench held that Lord Camp¬ bell's Act had no application to seditious libels. It was almost absurd to argue that a person indicted for a seditious libel should be able to say, ‘ 1 1 admit that it was seditious, and calculated to create disaffection amongst her Majesty’s subjects, but I say that it was true ;.and, secondly, that it was for the public benefit that it should be published.” It was perfectly clear that such a publication could not be for the public benefit. The decision in ‘ ' The Queen v. Duffy ” was a very sound one, and still binding. Then a case occurred in England (“Lawsons. Labouchere”) of a prosecution for defamatory libel, and the magistrate declined to hear the evidence of justification. The Queen’s Bench held that he was right. Soon afterwards the Libel Act of 1881 was passed, containing the clause relied on, that it should be open to the magistrate to receive evidence of such matters as upon trial would entitle the person accused to an acquittal. That was not unreasonable, as there were many cases where a person charged on informa¬ tion might be able to show conclusively that he was innocent of the charge. But if it were the law that no such matter could be given in evidence under Lord Campbell’s Act, so as to entitle the person to an acquittal, it would be worse than idle to command a magistrate in a case of seditious libel to receive evidence of the truth of such matter and that the publication was for the public benefit. The whole of such evidence would be inadmissible at the trial if the decision of “ The Queen v. Duffy ” was a sound one, and they thought that under these circumstances it would be unreasonable to issue a mandamus directing the magistrate to allow the defendant to go into a mass of evidence which at the trial would be inadmissible. Nor is there any special hardship involved in this ruling, for, as a recent legal authority has observed, in case of seditious, immoral, and blasphemous libels, as there is substantially no mode of justifying them, witnesses for the defendant can seldom be of use before the committing magistrate, except to support the denial of the publication. This latter was not attempted in the present case. ❖ «J* <t* As if to complete the cycle of representative libel cases, a charge of printing and publishing a blasphemous libel has also come under public notice during the month. The persons charged with the offence are Mr. G. W. Foote, alleged editor of the Freethinker, Mr. W. J. Ramsay, proprietor, and Mr. H. A. Kemp, the printer and publisher. The prosecution was instituted by the City Solicitor, who was represented by Mr. Poland at the preliminary hearing held at the Mansion House on the 2nd inst. The proceedings were taken in connexion with the Christmas number of the print named, and the blas¬ phemies complained of were, in the words of Mr. Poland, “ of a gross, he would almost say brutal, character.” The fiat of the Public Prosecutor authorising the criminal proceedings against the parties named was produced in Court, and after evidence in support of the charge had been heard the case was formally remanded until the 5th inst., when all three defendants were committed for trial at the Central Criminal Court, bail being accepted for their appearance. * * * Now that St. Valentine’s Day is passed, fancy-stationers will be on the look-out for other novelties with which to tempt customers. Our fine-art publishers certainly spare no pains to supply them with goods of an attractive nature, and Messrs. Raphael Tuck & Sons may be said to take foremost rank in this connexion. The other day we had an opportunity of going over their show-rooms at 72 & 73, Coleman-street, City, and were greatly pleased with an inspection of this firm’s goods. Among the novelties that deserve special attention are their Registered Artistic Stove-Ornaments, in the form of fourfold screens. The traditional type of stove ornament is a most monotonous and inartistic feature in a well-furnished room, and has only held its place because nothing better was available. Messrs. Tucks’ screens are in every respect an improvement upon the old-style article, and they cannot fail to be widely appreciated. They measure 26 by 38 inches ; some of them represent floral subjects, others landscapes, bird-forms, &c. They are printed in from eight to seventeen colours, and the result in most cases is decidedly pleasing. These Stove Orna¬ ments need no fixing ; they stand like ordinary screens, and can, therefore, also be utilised for other purposes. The Fan series, as well as the Shield and Chromo series of Stove Orna¬ ments, are also commendable. Altogether, there are twenty different patterns, and they are supplied to the Trade at a uni¬ formly moderate price. Other specialties of the firm are Flower¬ pot Covers, printed in colours and produced in five sizes. The Watcombe Terra-cotta Plaques, ornamented with choice chro¬ mographs, embody a happy idea, and make artistic ornaments available to the million. * * + While on the subject of Messrs. R. Tuck & Sons’ fine-art productions, we may appropriately draw attention to a book just published by them under the title of “ Love-Knots and Bridal- Bands : Poems and Rhymes of Wooing and Wedding, and Valentine Verses.” The poems have been selected from a large range of authors, pathetic and humorous, by the Rev. F. Lang- bridge, B.A., who has brought good taste to bear upon his task. The work contains sixteen illustrations in chromo-lithography, from original paintings by G. D. Leslie, R.A., W. F. Yeames, R.A., Marcus Stone, R.A., and others. Illustrations and text combine to make the work an acceptable wedding gift. •5* *f The Valentines published by Mr. Alfred Gray, ot 86, Albert-street, Regent’s Park, are full of humour and are very neatly printed in black and gold. The artists employed upon them are : — -W. G. Baxter, Harold, Furniss, and himself. The poetry quoted is that of Tennyson, Browning, Moore, Burns, &c., while the illustrations are treated in a comic vein which, though naturally often extravagant, is never coarse. These valentines should command a sale, as they are at once funny and “ genteel.” “ Les Livres ET Leurs Ennemis” is the French transla¬ tion of Mr. William Blades’s recently-published “The Enemies of Books.” Having already reviewed it on its first appearance, we need only now say that the present version of the work is a production of which its author may justly be proud. Mons. A. Claudin, 3 Rue Gudneaud, Paris, is the pub¬ lisher. It is pleasant to see the names of a learned printer and a learned publisher, each of a separate nationality, thus associated. •F -F *F The Antiquarian Magazine and Bibliographer commenced its third volume this year, and the January number contains the first of a series of interesting articles on Book-Plates. - The Bibliographer for February continues its papers on “ London Signs of Booksellers and Printers,” by Mr. E. W. Ashbee, F.S.A., and contains an article— too slight, F 2 3° THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Feb. 15, 1883. however — on “ Paper-Making Materials.” - The Magazine of Art keeps up to its high standard. To our readers the most interesting item in the last number will be Mr. Harry V. Barnett’s excellent article, the “ Special Artist,” which is well written and suitably illustrated. We append an extract : — There are Specials and Specials. There is, for instance, the gentleman who, having gone with an expedition, say to Madagascar, and there met a duke and a marquis in disguise, has returned to England with an increased sense of his own importance, and a curious delusion that he has somehow become related to the aristocracy. His girth is greater, and he is affably distant in his manner to his old friends. His hotel expenses, I believe, are heavy, and his sketches scarcely as good as they used to be. There is, too, the voluble and fantastic being from the North — a man of energy and resource, good at sudden deaths of great personages and colliery explosions. He has a fancy for climbing to inaccessible coigns of vantage from which to sketch. He goes in for “novel aspects," and prefers views from the corner of a parapet or the summit of a tower to straightforward work on the solid ground. By way of change, he sometimes sketches in the heart of a seething mob, and he can even execute clever portrait outlines in a railway carriage travelling at fifty miles an hour. He will sketch a whole street, with accurate archi¬ tectural details in thirty minutes, and the movements of his person are quite as rapid and almost as picturesque as those of his pencil. Then there is the War Special, the man of great campaigns. He is not unacquainted with the interiors of military prisons. His work is always individual, and often imaginative in the highest degree. He does things in his own way ; but that way is a good one. Again, there are the younger men, who think nothing of calmly walking down a mile and a half of open road peppered by the enemy’s bullets, and who have even been known on occasions to punch dictatorial colonels who have been guilty of mistaken interferences. Finally, there is the variety which puts up at the best hotel in a big city at least a hundred miles from the seat of war, and there concocts sketches under the influence of champagne and one-and-ninepenny cigars. It may be accepted for fact that the Special Artist, as a rule, is thoroughly consci¬ entious, and is often as brave and daring as he is faithful. Mistakes occur now and then ; an occasional error is inseparable from the conditions under which he works ; but, on the whole, his productions are remarkably accurate, and the wonder is, not that blunders are so many, but that they are so few. - The Art Journal seeks to accommodate itself to the taste of the times. Printers should read the article on “ The Origin of Title-headings and Tail-pieces.” 4* 4* 4* This may be as truly called a “ paper age ” as an “iron age,” and it is ho uncommon thing for large users of paper, as well as dealers, to have their supply water-marked during the process of manufacture with their own name or device. This, as our readers are aware, is done by the dandy-roller. We have before us some remarkably good specimens of this kind of work by Messrs. T. J. Marshall & Co., of Stoke Newington and Dartford. Among the more notable ones, we may mention a large calendar for the present year and a copy of the well-known subject, “ Bolton Abbey in the Olden Times,” both of which are remarkably good and show to what perfection water-marking has been brought by Marshall’s patent process. In old times, the water-mark was an assistance to the stationer and printer whose eyesight was not very acute, for by holding the paper so as to catch transmitted light and noting the right or wrong reading of the maker’s name, the front and back of the sheet could be determined. Formerly, as in hand-made papers, the marking was given from the back or wire side, but, of course, the dandy-roll marks it from the front, and if care is not taken to reverse the lettering the writing shows in proper position on the back instead of the front of the paper. In the samples before us, about one-half of them show the lettering, &c., correct on the wrong side. 4» 4* 4* The “Artistic Stationery Company,” among other things which we have previously noticed, forward us some new patterns in Easter-cards, which are very good, and also a special novelty entitled Art Needlework Birthday-cards ; but cutting out bits of coloured silk needlework on muslin and sticking them on chromo-lithographed cards does not accord with our notions of things artistic. The needlework and the cards of the samples before us may each be credited with art qualities, but the com¬ bination is decidedly incongruous. A novelty that does not find purchasers must either be very bad or superlatively good, and we have no doubt that these Art Needlework Cards will sell largely. 4* 4* 4* Talk about twopenny times ! Here is a City firm of printers issuing circulars through the post, in which they offer to supply postal wrappers with any name and address printed thereon at the rate of twopence for twenty-six wrappers ; and, as if to leave no doubt what this offer means, the words “ including wrapper ” are added and twice underlined. There is, however, something still better in store ; when fifty-two copies are ordered there is a rebate of one halfpenny. The best investment is, however, to order 104 copies, which are offered for sixpence l After this, we are quite prepared to hear of some rival firm offering to supply the printed wrappers, postage-stamps included, at the above rates. Well might the Printer-Poet sing : — From east to west — where’er we cast our eye For steam and cheapness there is one dull cry ; To minimum of prices sinking down, Large pennyworths supply the greedy town. 4* 4* 4* MESSRS. Furnival & Co., printers’ engineers, of Reddish, near Stockport, inform us that they have now taken up the manufacture and sale of Allen’s Patent Self-acting Gumming, Varnishing, and Liquid-Spreading Machine, which seems to possess many important advantages. The feeding is automatic as well as the spreading of the gum, varnish, or other fluid, all over the paper, no grippers being used. The motion being continuous, great speed can be attained, and there is no soiling of the paper on the reverse side, a defect common in hand- gumming or varnishing. The quantity of fluid to be applied is easily regulated, and the mechanism can be adjusted for gum¬ ming in columns when necessary. This machine appears to approach so near perfection, that one is led to inquire whether it is not possible to supply it with a supplementary apparatus that shall finish the work by drying and stacking in the case of aqueous fluids. We are told that representatives of several large firms who have seen it at work express great satisfaction at its performance. We hope before long to be enabled to lay before our readers a further account of this ingenious apparatus. 4* 4* 4* Mr. John Esson, of the Elim Works, Fetter-lane, has just purchased from the trustees of the late Dr. Pusey the plant of that very eminent divine’s private printing-press at Oxford. The quantity of type is very large, and, to judge from the speci¬ mens which we have seen, the condition is excellent. The material has been supplied by first-rate firms, and it will, we understand, be sold very cheap. Here is a prospect of a bar¬ gain for those whom it may suit. 4* 4* 4* Master-Printers’ Associations are very general on the Continent, where the advantages of united action seem to be better understood, or at least more appreciated, than in this country. Still, such organisations are not quite unknown amongst us, so far at least as some of the provincial towns are concerned. In Glasgow, for instance, a Master-Printers’ Asso¬ ciation is in successful operation, and on the 1st inst. its annual meeting was held at the office of the secretary, in St. Vincent- street. The following gentlemen were elected office-bearers for the current year, viz.: — Mr. Andrew Aird, president; Mr. C. L. Wright, Buchanan-street, treasurer. The members of the com¬ mittee are: — Messrs. Wm. Fletcher, J. C. Erskine, A. M‘DougalI, Thos. Duncan, and W. D. Mackenzie. Mr. Robert Brodie is the secretary. 4* 4* 4. At a Court of the Stationers’ Company, held on the 6th inst., Mr. Walter A. Hume and Mr. Arthur St. Vincent Schroder were a'dmitted to the freedom, and ten apprentices were bound to members of the Company. On Ash Wednesday, the Master, with members of the Court and Livery, attended the church of St. Faith, Watling-street, in accordance with the will of Mr. John Norton, and on their return to the Hall partook of cakes and ale, as directed by the testator. This John Norton bore, in the days of Queen Elizabeth, the honourable distinction of “ Regius in Latinis, Graecis, et Hebraicis Typographus.” He was Master of the Stationers’ Company in 1607, 1610, and 1612, and died in the last-named year. His benefactions to the Stationers’ Company for charitable and other purposes amounted to ,£1,150. It is related, that when Paul Stephens, the famous French printer (son of Henri), visited London about 1594, he contracted an intimate friendship with Norton, and permitted him the use of his (Stephens’) family mark or symbol, which latter was first used by Norton in 1605. Thomas Lydiat, a Feb. 13, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 3i contemporary divine, relates that John Norton refused to print King James I.’s Latin work against Vorstius unless he were paid in advance. If even a king could not get credit from his printer in Norton’s time, we may be sure that those were not the days of long-outstanding accounts from which the modern printer has so much to suffer. •J* *F To judge by the balance-sheet of the London Society of Compositors, the last quarter of the year has been a more than usually active one in the printing-offices of the metropolis. The total disbursements on account of relief to unemployed mem¬ bers amounted to ^998, as compared with .£1,846 in the pre¬ ceding three months, and £1,347 in the corresponding quarter of 1881 ; the number of recipients shows a corresponding decrease, having been 636 last quarter, against 802 and 77 o respectively in the two other periods named. The strike-pay has absorbed £250, of which sum £136 represents, however, solicitors’ bills ; while the dispute at Messrs. Head & Mark’s cost the Society £74. The total of the strike-pay falls £100 short of the amount similarly expended in the third quarter of the year. The funeral allowances have absorbed £27 r ; the super¬ annuation grants, £179 ; and the emigration aids, £39 ; the cor¬ responding disbursements for the previous three months having been £179, £128, and £65 respectively. The total income for the quarter was £2,531, and the expenditure £2,152, thus leav¬ ing a net balance in favour of the Society of £379. The available funds amounted at the beginning of the present year to £10,864, as compared with £10,265 a twelvemonth ago. Numerically, the Society is growing in strength every quarter, no less than no members having joined during the three months under notice. The total membership stands now at 5,660, showing an accession of 360 during the past year. Fifty-one compositors have been on the superannuation-list during the quarter, six have emigrated, and twenty-two have died. The total ages of the latter represent 1,098 years, the minimum and maximum having been 25 and 83 years respec¬ tively. The average age for each is thus close upon fifty years, — a mean that is probably not exceeded in the annals of any other Trade Union, the popular belief as to the unhealthiness of the compositor’s craft notwithstanding. •F •{• •{• How completely the strike of the compositors at Vienna has collapsed was reported in our last issue. Not unnaturally, the master-printers have been unwilling to discharge the men who stood by them during the continuance of the strike, and as a consequence many of those who, a few months ago, were hasty enough to throw up good situations, are now unable to find employment. According to the journeymen’s organ, the strike, which lasted eight weeks, has cost the Printers’ Union £7,000. If we add to this large sum the great loss that must have accrued to the employers, and bear in mind how completely the local Printing Trade must have been disorganised, we may realise the wastefulness of strikes. Not so, however, thinks the writer in the Vorwarts, who winds up a declamatory leader with the words : — Our (the men’s) defeat was, after all, a victory ! ” We doubt whether all his fellow-members will be able to-see things in that light. *F *F *F Government Competition has taken another step in advance. The sale of stamped envelopes by the Postal authorities has long been a legitimate grievance, by reason of the low price at which they are sold. Not content with the system hitherto followed in this matter, by which a dozen stamped envelopes could be obtained for is. id., the Post-Office has introduced within the last few days a still cheaper envelope, which can be had at the rate of five for one farthing, of course in addition to the postage fee ! The policy of huckstering thus introduced by a leading Government Department is one against which we would warmly protest. The retail stationer is thus undersold on the one hand by the 15,000 Post-Offices open in the United Kingdom, and on the other by the well-paid Civil servants who conduct Co-operative Stores. This is carrying a Free-Trade policy somewhat too far. •F + *F Esparto fibre has during recent years assumed a consider¬ able importance as a paper-making material, and the falling- off in the supplies to the English market that has lately taken place is consequently a matter that may be fraught with serious consequences to our paper-makers. Last October we men¬ tioned that an Anglo-French Company had been formed for the purpose of co-operating with the French concessionnaire in working the esparto-growing districts in the territories of Tunis. The successful carrying-out of such a project would, of course, tend to materially augment the available supply, and thus be the probable means of reducing the somewhat high prices now ruling for this raw material. With a view of in¬ teresting English firms in the project, meetings have been held at Edinburgh and Manchester during the past month, at which the objects and plans of the Franco-English Esparto Fibre Supply Company were fully discussed. At the Edinburgh meeting, Mr. C. W. Cowan, of Valleyfield, presided, while at the one held in Manchester, on the 16th ult., Mr. W. Hunting¬ don, of Darwen, acted as chairman. Dr. Mattei, one of the directors, in explaining the objects of the newly-floated com¬ pany, mentioned that he himself had visited Bouhedma, and satisfied himself that from that district alone 30,000 tons of esparto grass could be exported annually, while the necessary labour could be obtained on the spot. A tramway would be laid down to the nearest port and hydraulic presses erected, and the grass could be delivered in Liverpool for £3. 18s. per ton, against £7. 5s., the price of Sfax grass last year. A reso¬ lution was adopted to the effect, that if the company could do what it proposed it should have the support of the Trade. •F *F *F BUSINESS has not been exceptionally brisk during the past month, so far as our Book-trade with the Colonies and other foreign parts is concerned. There has been a falling-off in the quantity exported from 8,425 cwt. in January, 1882, to 8,071 cwt. last month. The value, on the other hand, shows an increase from £82,198, in 1882, to £83,192, in 1883. This latter fact is rather gratifying, as affording a contrast to many other branches of British manufacture, in which, although the bulk of the shipments increases, the value shows a declining tendency. *F *F *F Export stationers report trade to have been fairly brisk during the past month. The orders from Australia have been exceptionally good, and the trade with India has also been of average proportions. The demand from the United States and British North America has, however, shown considerable con¬ traction. Taken as a whole, the value of our foreign trade in stationery has increased by about £2,000 during January as compared with the corresponding month last year, the re¬ spective totals having been £68,434, in 1883, and £66,368, in 1882. *F *F *F Paper continues to be imported into this country in large quantities, the greater portion coming from Germany, Holland, Belgium, and Sweden. During January there has been thus imported 96,020 cwt., as compared with 98,070 cwt. in the corresponding month of last year. While there has thus been a falling-off in the quantity of our foreign supply, it is note- worthythat the importation represents nevertheless an increased value, viz., £106,367 this year, against £100,074 last year, which seems to betoken a hardening tendency in the prices of foreign paper. In all the above totals we have made allowance for the re-exports. Turning now to the exports of British paper, we find that they amounted last year to 50,814 cwt., or about 3,000 cwt. more than in January, 1882 ; while the value for the first month of the present year represents £106, 534, showing an increase of £2,000 upon the corresponding total of a twelve- month ago. It will thus be seen that the values of the imports and exports of paper during January just balance each other within a couple of hundred pounds or so. •F *F *F Following our usual custom, we bring our Topics of the Month to a close with an indication of the state of the com¬ mercial barometer. During the five weeks ended on the 3rd inst. there have been gazetted 1,214 failures, being 18 more than in the corresponding period of last year. We are pleased to find that only nine of the number are connected with the Paper and Printing Trades. The names of the traders concerned 1 will be found under our Gazette Notices on another page. 32 THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Fed. 15, 1883. What a powerful factor the new Bills of Sale Act has proved in reducing the number of such instruments filed, is attested by a comparison of the figures for the first five weeks of the current year with those for the corresponding period a twelvemonth ago. In 1882, 5,018 such documents were regis¬ tered, and in 1883 only 1,377, thus showing a falling-off of 3,641 ! To this total also twenty-six printers and stationers contribute but a small quota. - 9-33 <► - - - - Theatrical-Board Bill. 12. Three Gtiineas. — For the best displayed and most effective Double Foolscap Theatrical Board Bill in two Colours. The same copy (which will be supplied) to be used by each competitor. Auctioneer’s Bill. 13. Two Guineas.- For the best displayed and most effective Double- Demy Auctioneer's Bill in one Colour. The same copy (which will be supplied) to be used by each competitor. Compositors’ Competition. THE FORTHCOMING PRINTERS' EXHIBITION, IRRITATION at the prospect of a third Printing Trades Exhibition at the Agricultural Hall is passing away, and in place of it we may expect to soon see cordial co-operation from all quarters. Meanwhile the discussion has not been profitless, and we doubt not it has induced Mr. Dale, the Secretary and Manager, to whom success or failure will be a very important matter indeed, to put forth his best efforts to secure a trium¬ phant result next July. Excursion-trains were run in connexion with the last Printers’ Exhibition ; but the railway arrangements will be more thoroughly organised on the forthcoming occasion, when it is intended to issue 10,000 Invitation Tickets to Printers in all parts of the United Kingdom. The programme of the forthcoming exhibition will also present widely-different characteristics to those of either of its predecessors, and we augur from that fact a great probability of its success. Mr. Dale states that he is perfectly satisfied with the mea¬ sure of support which he is already promised, and that he feels assured of success. He has accordingly resolved to expend about 300 guineas in prizes, to be competed for in various ways ; and this new feature, if properly organised,— and there is no reason to doubt that it will be,— is sure to attract crowds to the Agricultural Hall during the fortnight to which the Exhi¬ bition will we understand be strictly limited. The nature of the proposed competitions is indicated by the following rough list : — Trade Competitions. 1. Seventy Guineas. — For General Jobbing-Office, fitted complete. Cost not to exceed ,£500. 2. Thirty Guineas. — For General Jobbing-Office, fitted complete. Cost not to exceed ^250. Plans or Drawings. 3. Twenty Guineas. — For the best Set of Plans or Drawings of a Printing- Office capable of employing about 200 hands, showing Disposition of Machinery, &c., Office Accommodation, Efficiency of Light and Ventilation, and Sanitation. 4. Ten Guineas.— The like for an Office capable of employing about 50 hands. _ Mechanical Contrivance for Colour-Printing. 5. Thirty Guineas. — For the best Mechanical Contrivance by which forms of Two or more Colours can be printed at one impression, either on the hand-presses, or platen, or cylinder-machines now in use. To be shown in operation. Paper-Cutting Machine. 6. Twenty Guineas. — For the most efficient and cheapest 42-in. “Self¬ clamp,” “Guillotine,” or “Diagonal,” Paper-Cutting Machine. To be shown in operation. Column Galley. 7. Five Guineas.— Tor the best New and Improved Column Galley (either solid brass or zinc, or brass or zinc-bottomed), provided with an automatic or mechanical arrangement which will dispense with the loss of time and trouble now experienced in fitting side-sticks and quoins to galleys of composed matter. Locking-up Apparatus. 8. Five Guineas.— For the best and simplest kind of Locking-up Apparatus applicable to forms of all sizes. Substitute for Wood for Wood-Letter. 9. Ten Guineas. — For the best and most inexpensive Composition from which broadside type can be either Moulded or Blocked as a substitute for wood-letter and metal broadside type. LETTER-PRESS PRINTING. High-Art Display Printing. 10. Ten Guineas. — Specimens of High-art Display Printing, old or new style, in gold, silver, copper, bronze, colours, or tints. Size of specimen to be demy 4to. The same copy (which will be supplied) to be used by each competitor. Each specimen to be mounted and framed in a neat black and gold frame with glass, and ringed ready for hanging. First prize, AS- 5s- 1 Second prize, £3. 3s.; Third prize, £2. 2s. (A special stand will be set apart for exhibiting these specimens. ) Posting-Bill. 11. Five Guineas.— For the best displayed and most effective Four-sheet Double-Crown Posting-Bill in two, three, or four Colours. The same copy (which will be supplied) to be used by each competitor. 14. Thirty Guineas. — For the most Expeditiously and Accurately Com¬ posing a Galley (5,000 letters) of Brevier, 16 em measure. First prize, £10. 10s. ; Second prize, £6. 6s. ; Third prize, ^5. 5s. ; Fourth prize, £4.. 4s. ; Fifth prize, £3. 3s. ; Sixth prize, £2. 2s. Number of Competitors limited to Sixty. A small news-office will be fitted up in the Great Hall, and accommo¬ dation will be provided for a given number of compositors to compete at one time, and each Competitor must attend at the time appointed for him to do so. The same “ copy ” (which will be supplied) to be used by each competitor. Bookbinding. 15. Five Guineas. — For the best specimen of Account-Book Binding in rough calf containing about 240 leaves (480 pages) of demy folio, hand-made paper, ruled double ledger pattern, with index complete, marbled edges, and lining. 16. Three Guineas. — For the best specimen of Blind Cloth Bookbinding, size of volume to be demy 8vo., of at least 20 sheets. 17. Three Guineas. — For the best specimen of Half-Calf Bookbinding, with Cloth Sides and Corners, Hand-tooled and Lettered on Back, size of volume to be demy 8vo. , of at least 20 sheets. 18. Eight Guineas. — For the best and most artistic specimen of Hand- Finishing Work, size of cover to be royal 4to. Subject, “The Pilgrim's Progress,” by John Bunyan, on front and back. First prize, £5. 5s ; Second prize, 7,3. 3s. Competition entry forms, rules, regulations, and conditions can be had on application to Robert Dale, secretary and manager, Agricultural Hall, London, N. We believe that it is intended to offer a prize for Lithographic Machinery ; if so, we would suggest the following : — LITHOGRAPHIC MACHINERY. Fifty Guineas. — For the best Arrangement of Mechanism for Litho- Printing, in which the Rolling is to be done by Hand. Thirty Guineas. — For the best Litho Jobbing-Machine. It is hardly likely that the foregoing Programme, thus early made known, will be strictly carried out next July. It shows, however, great energy as well as appreciation of matters per¬ taining to Printing on the part of Mr. Dale, and there is no doubt that it presents features of novelty which will attract lai’ge numbers of visitors. - o-hs «=-» - COLOUR AND COLOUR-PRINTING AS APPLIED TO LITHOGRAPHY, CHAPTER IV. — Yellow Pigments. 37. Yellow. — This colour is that which nearest V J approaches light, and yellow pigments are most nearly allied to white ones. In pictorial composi¬ tions yellow requires careful management to make it agreeable to cultivated taste. It is, speaking generally, least agreeable when it is tinged with green, and most agreeable when there is a perceptible leaning towards orange. In decorative work it may be called an aggressive colour on account of its tendency to claim a front place ; it is therefore called an advancing colour. In most arti¬ ficial lights, yellow and its compounds suffer deterioration in consequence of such lights being themselves yellow ; exception must, however, be made as regards the electric light, which is now coming into extended use. Great caution must, therefore, be exercised when employing yellow ink on foggy days and by gaslight; also towards evening on bright days. At these times one is very apt to be deceived and to be led to employ a yellow too deep in tone, or to use a green or orange containing too large a proportion of yellow. As a means by which to guard against such errors, we recommend the printer to provide himself with a small quantity of magnesium ribbon or wire to be employed in Feb. 15, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 33 ’emergencies. This metal, which resembles silver, may be obtained of most dealers in philosophical instruments, and is usually retailed at about sixpence per yard. It possesses the property of burning easily and very rapidly with an intensity and brilliancy fairly rivalling the electric light, and by its aid colours are readily seen in their proper hues. A convenient way to employ it is to cut with scissors a piece about two inches in length, obliquely, so as to have it pointed. The object of doing this is to render it more easy to ignite. It may conveniently be held in a match or other small piece of wood having a slit made in it with a knife. So short a piece as two inches will only last a few seconds, but sufficiently long to estimate the effect which is being produced by the yellow ink. Yellow is employed in compounding green with blues and orange with reds. It may be taken that there is no purely yellow pigment that the printer can employ, and in making compounds it becomes necessary to have regard to the hue sought. If a pure green be required, a yellow must be taken that is either pure or already inclined to green, and, as the pure colour cannot be obtained, such a colour as lemon chrome or yellow lake must be employed in con¬ junction with such blue as Prussian, Antwerp, or Chinese blues : the former if an opaque colour be required ; the latter if a transparent one be demanded. A little consideration will show that a yellow of the opposite kind must be chosen in mixing an orange ink. 38. Chrome Yellow, though not an unobjectionable pigment, is one of very great importance to the colour- printer. It is easily ground in varnish and works readily on the roller. It covers well, being one of our most opaque colours. Chemically it is a chromate of lead, and is obtainable in a variety of hues, varying from a pale lemon to an orange approaching red. It should be soft to the touch, easily broken between the fingers and thumb with a crackling noise, and yet not gritty. Its variety of hue and its general, good-working qualities make it a favourite with the printer. In some situations, such as bright light and pure air, it appears to be a fairly permanent colour ; but under the opposite influences chrome yellows are not to be relied upon, as they frequently turn black. They form good tints with white, and brilliant greens with Prussian and Antwerp blues, though as an element of green with these iron blues they are not reliable. Good low tones of green may be compounded of the various hues of chrome by an addition of black ink. These are, no doubt, as per¬ manent as the chrome itself, because the carbon forming the black ink is chemically inert. There are varieties of these pigments known by other names, such as Cologne yellow or jautie de Cologne, from its being imported from that town. It differs from the true chromate of lead in containing the sulphates of lead and lime in addition. It is also known as janne mineral , though there is a chloride of lead also known by the same name (42). In chromo works imitative of high art, where the principal considerations are permanency and intrinsic excellence, chrome yellows should be avoided as far as possible, and for brilliant effects cadmium yellow is to be preferred. In addition to the chromates of lead, there are other chrome yellows which, though not suitable in printing, are useful in paper-staining. The principal of these are— chromate of lime, a fine straw-coloured pigment ; chromate of baryta, a similar colour ; and chromate of zinc, a pale yellow which has been called buttercup yellow. 39. Cadmium Yellow was for years confined to the palette of the artist ; but its general good character has, notwithstanding its high price, won for it a place in the workshop of the printer. It is a sulphide of cadmium, is found in nature as the mineral greenockite, and may be pre¬ pared from solutions of salts of cadmium by the addition thereto of sulphuretted hydrogen or sulphide of ammonia. It closely resembles yellow orpiment, — arsenious sulphide — but may be distinguished from it by not being volatile and being insoluble in liquid ammonia. It is a warm, bright yellow pigment, permanent with flake white as a tint, and an excellent colour for use in evening skies. It is a valuable addition to the palette and has been long enough in use to establish its claims to favour. Cadmium yellow with blue pigments produces rich and durable greens, which should not, however, be mixed with lead colours to form tints. 40. Yellow Lake, a yellow of a lemon colour, is occasionally useful as a finishing or glazing ink where transparency is essential. It will not stand under the influence of strong light, and is therefore not fit for show¬ cards or chromos for framing, though it may be relied upon for book illustrations, which are rarely exposed to bright light. Impure air does not injure it. It is met with in commerce in the form of tears or drops, and is thence also called drop yellow. It is a vegetable extract in conjunction with alumina, thus resembling other lakes in constitution. When ground in varnish it has very little resemblance to the fine colour it prints, for in the mass it is more like a brown. It possesses this peculiarity in common with most transparent pigments, and when any ink looks very much darker on the slab than it does upon paper it may be taken as a general indication of transparency. This pigment is a compound which varies in hue and other qualities with each different manufacture ; therefore one make, when good, should be adhered to. The best class of yellow lakes is difficult to discover, as the sources from which they may be made are so various. The berries of the dyers’ buckthorn — rha7nnus infedorious, variously known as French, Avignon, Persian, and Turkey berries — seem to be the principal source. Inferior qualities for paper-staining are prepared from weld, quercitron, yellotv-ivood , &c. In all cases, the dyestuff is boiled with alum and the colouring- matter precipitated by carbonate of soda or potash. It is not a safe colour with which to compound tints, and is especially unsuitable with lead and other metallic pig¬ ments. It may be said generally that it should not be used in mixtures, since more permanent tints may be com¬ pounded from or found in other pigments. 41. Naples Yellow was, as its name indicates, origi¬ nally prepared at Naples, probably from some mineral of volcanic origin. It is compounded artificially from the oxides of lead and antimony, and may be obtained of various depths of colour. It is not so intense as either of the colours previously mentioned, and may be described as a light, warm yellow of pleasing tone. It is not an eligible pigment for the colour-printer, and is only to be employed under circumstances of an imperative nature. It covers other colours, and may be used alone for this purpose. It is very unsuitable for forming mixtures with any colours containing iron, and must therefore be kept from the ochres, Prussian and Antwerp blues, and other similar pigments. For like reason neither a steel palette-knife nor an iron slab must be employed with it. A bone or ivory spatula is needed. In presence of light it is a very per¬ manent colour, though liable to turn black under the influence of damp and impure air. It dries well. 42. Patent Yellow, Turner’s Yellow, or Mont¬ pellier Yellow, is a fused sub-chloride of lead of bright yellow colour, having a striking resemblance to chrome. It is hard, heavy, and crystalline, works well, but is easily injured both by light and by impure air. Other names for this pigment are — Kasler, Cassel , mineral, and Verona yellows. 34 THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Feb. 15, 1883. A variety of this yellow discovered by Mdrimde is rich in tone and said to be durable. Its trade names are antimony yellow and superfine mi?ieral yellow. 43. Massicot or Masticot is an oxide of lead of variable colour. Though it is prepared from white-lead by partial calcination, it cannot be used with it for pale tints, because massicot soon returns to the white colour of its prototype. However, if used by itself, its permanency is about the same as that of white-lead, to which in general qualities it is intimately related. 44. Yellow Ochres. — There are various earthy colours of the same nature known as the ochres, the principal ones of a yellow colour being known as yellow ochre or mineral yellow, Oxford ochre, stone ochre, Roman ochre, brown ochre, York brown, &c. They rank among the most durable of colours, and though not brilliant may be most usefully employed whenever their low tone will permit. They are very useful as tints when employed with a considerable amount of varnish, though it is difficult to print them up to their full strength of colour. This arises from the fact that in the mass their colour is not deep, and varnish will not carry a heavy amount of such pigment and still retain its essential character of antipathy to water to insure clean printing. With Prussian blue they form a series of low- toned greens which may be employed with advantage if their hue be suitable to the work in hand. All the ochres and the next-mentioned pigment are reddened by the action of fire. They are all of a similar chemical cha¬ racter, being clays more or less coloured with peroxide of iron (ferric oxide). 45. Terra di Sienna, or Raw Sienna, in common with the ochres, seems to depend upon iron for its colour¬ ing matter. Though still impure, it is a brighter yellow, and has more power and transparency than the ochres, being a valuable pigment of undoubted general permanency. It is a very hard pigment, and should be bought finely ground instead of in its natural state, to save time in grind¬ ing. It is a kind of natural yellow lake, and mixes well with that pigment when it is required to be brightened and to preserve its natural transparency. This pigment is named after the town of Sienna in Italy. 46. Mineral Yellows : — Yellow Orpiment, Orpin, Yellow Realgar, Royal Yellow, is a yellow arsenious sul¬ phide, either natural or artificial, beautifully bright and pure in colour, but unfortunately its other qualities are not by any means as good. It does not agree in mixtures with most other metallic colours, and when used with the-lead whites its tints are soon 'destroyed. It must not be employed with the chromes, Naples yellow, masticot, nor red-lead, but with the sulphides, such as vermilion, or alone it may fairly be depended upon. It is very poisonous. King's yellow and Chinese yellow are almost identical substances. Arsenite of lead is sometimes substituted for orpiment. The colour is equally fine and said to be more durable. It is called arsenic yellow and mineral yellow. Turbith or Turpeth Mineral, a sub-sulphate of mercury of a bright yellow colour, highly poisonous, forms a magnificent green with Prussian blue, which is said to have no tendency to become black. Mineral Straw Yellow is a basic sul¬ phate of lead of little value. Iodide of Lead is a bright yellow of unstable character. 47. Gamboge, a natural gum-resin, Gallstone, a sub¬ stance formed in the gall-bladder of oxen and similar animals, and Indian Yellow, Purree, Jaune Indienne, are neither of them suitable as printing-inks, though their beauty of colour is very attractive. The latter pigment contains magnesia and alumina, combined with organic colouring-matter said to be obtained from the urine of camels which are fed upon the rind of the mangosteen. 48. Aureolin is a pigment somewhat more recently introduced than those previously noted and still too high in price to make it a desirable addition to the workshop of the colour-printer. It is a preparation of cobalt produced from the nitrate, of a golden yellow, and is considered permanent. It is chiefly used by artists. 49. Mars Yellow, Jaune de Fer, Jaune de Mars, Iron Yellow, is a bright iron ochre of the nature of sienna, similar in its general behaviour to the ochres, but somewhat more transparent. It is much esteemed among artists. On account of the abundant supply of the natural ochres it is at present relatively too high in price to take the place among printers’ pigments that its value warrants. It is pre¬ pared from green copperas, alum, and carbonate of potash. 50. Aniline Yellows. — The introduction of the derivatives of coal-tar has almost revolutionised the art of dyeing, and it is not unfair to suppose that the manufacture of pigments will be influenced to a somewhat similar degree if not to so great an extent. The coal-tar colours are remarkable for their great variety of hues and for their great tinctorial power. The latter quality is shown by the fact that one grain of pure mauve crystal (mauve was the first coal-tar colour made) will strongly colour half-a-million grains of water. As there is much popular misunder¬ standing in regard to the coal-tar colours, many people thinking these dyes are extracted direct from the tar, we go a little out of our way to show our readers the steps by which the colours are reached. These operations are altogether so unlike the manufacture of ordinary pigments, that we feel we shall be excused for drawing" attention to them on account of the interest that naturally attaches to them. Among the numerous products (over fifty) of the dis¬ tillation of coal-tar, crude naphtha is one of the easiest to obtain. By further distillation and treatment with steam and sulphuric acid in order to precipitate the tarry matters, benzol is separated in conjunction with other less volatile matters, which remain behind during still further distillations. This fairly pure commercial benzol is, in turn, treated with fuming nitric acid, which results in nitro-benzol , a dense yellow fluid heavier than water. Nitro-benzol is then, by suitable chemical means, made to take up a definite proportion of hydrogen, and it then changes its character and becomes aniline . Now, aniline in its pure state is a colourless liquid, and, of itself, gives no evidence of the wonderful colours which can be produced from it by further chemical combinations. Some idea of the trouble involved in these processes may be formed from the fact that ioolb. of coal producing ioflb. of coal-tar yields only 2 \ ounces of aniline. This base, when acted upon by various salts and acids, forms a great variety of colours. Other products of coal-tar, such as phenol (carbolic acid), naphthalin, and paranaphthalin (or anthracene), form the starting-points for other colours, so that from a few comparatively colourless materials nearly every variety of hue may be obtained. Among this wealth of tinctorial substances there are but few that have found their way into favour with the chromo-printer, and of them little can be said in favour of their permanency, the best being but fugitive in comparison with such pigments as vermilion. Among the least successful adaptations to requirements of the litho-printer are the yellows. There are several splendid yellow dyes among the coal-tar colours, but the endeavours made to produce yellow lakes from them have not met with much success so far as we can learn, though we believe they will ultimately be obtained. This is the more to be desired, because the yellows promise to be among the most permanent of the coal-tar series. Feb. 15, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 35 ^HALL’S” NEW TYPE-WRITER, have to draw attention to a new Type- Writer which has been introduced into this country by its inventor, Mr. Thomas Hall, who exhibited the instrument at a meeting of the Shorthand Society, held on the 7th ult., at which were present a number of visitors connected with the Press, in addition to the members of the Shorthand Society. The appliance has been in use in the United States for two years, and about 250 machines have been sold in that country. Mr. Hall is an engineer by profession, and in the year 1867 he succeeded in producing a type-writer in which the letters were separate and converged to a focus, as in the Remington (which was of subsequent introduction to his first apparatus) and other type-writers. Circumstances, however, prevented him bringing out his invention, and in the interval of time he satisfied himself that the system of separate letters was not so good as the one he has now adopted, where all the characters used are in a small plate, actuated by most ingenious and beautiful mechanism. The construction of the “ Hall ” Type-Writer, of which we append three diagrams, cannot be briefly described. We may state, however, that Fig. 1 represents the apparatus as placed before the operator ; Fig. 2 shows the printing mechanism raised from the paper for the purpose of in¬ specting the work and correcting errors if needful ; and Fig. 3 is a plan of the under-side of the top plate A, showing all the mechanism for moving the type. The width of paper which can be taken in is 14 inches, and the printing width is 7 inches. The speed of a good operator will exceed 30 words per minute, which is in excess of rapid penmanship ; the speed of the Remington Type- Writer, with which one naturally compares the instrument, was recently proved before the Shorthand Society to be equal to the rate of 58 or 60 words per minute for a short time. There are 72 characters with the “Hall” machine, and variations of type can be easily effected if desired. Facilities exist, as we have shown, for examining the work and correcting it where wrong, such as do not exist in other type-writers which are more costly and cumbrous, and not more easily manipulated than the “ Hall.” The writing is done direct from the face of the types, and not through the agency of an inked ribbon, and in many in¬ stances this may, and in samples we have seen does, look well ; at the same time it has the ap¬ pearance, now and then, of the impression of an india-rubber stamp ; but we do not think that any fault can be found with the impression. Indeed, the inventor claims that the printing is finer, cleaner, and sharper than if done through a ribbon. As we have shown, in the matter of speed the “Hall” is not quite so swift as the Remington Type-Writer. Speed is, however, only one out _ _ of very many elements which constitute what is required in a writing-machine. The “ Hall ” apparatus will be available by reason of its portability, its cheapness, ease of management, and its effectiveness as a type-writer in numberless cases where 25 or 30 words per minute, well printed, will amply meet all practical requirements. The differences between the “ Hall,” as compared with the Remington and caligraph, may be thus stated : — In the first place, it is worked by the right hand alone, that hand holding the pricker which goes into the holes, while the left is required to steady the machine, so that it does not give that change of motion as compared with the pen which is given by key-board machines, which employ both hands. This arrangement inter¬ feres with the speed, and the inventor confesses that it is not meant to measure speed with the Remington. On these grounds, it may go against the ideas of some authorities as to what a writing or reporting-machine must be, the great thing usually desired in them being a simple key-board, and one which brings into action a different set of muscles than those used in ordinary writing. We think it is only by having a key-board that great speed in manipulation can be expected. Everybody knows how swiftly a trained pianist moves the fingers, and it is some¬ what the same with an operator who has practised well on 36 THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. [Feb. is, 1883. the Remington Type-Writer and has brought three fingers of each hand into play. Again, the letters are very close together ; indeed, they can be covered by the palm of the hand, and there must be difficulty in striking the exact hole in quick writing. Skilled operators find, even with an extended key-board, that in writing quickly they some¬ times strike the wrong key. This closeness of the letters, we are told, does not affect the eyes, which have less to do with the operation than one might suppose. After inspecting the “ Hall ” Type-Writer very narrowly, and with considerable interest, we must pronounce it to be a very clever and simple machine. Its advantages are, that it is light, weighing less than six pounds ; it is small and easily portable, being contained in a wooden case which can be opened on the desk or on the knee ; it is also cheaper than the other forms of writing-machines, costing at present eight guineas, and no doubt it will be sold for less in time as there is not much mechanism about it. The types used are made of india-rubber and are all on one plate, which can be changed, so that the operator can have different styles of type as desired, and they are easily interchangeable. The mechanism being simple is not likely to get out of order. The apparatus is made by the “ Hall ” Type-Writer Com¬ pany, 853, Broadway, New York; and the London depot is 25, Abchurch-lane, E.C. ; but at the time of our going to press Mr. Hall had not received a supply of instruments, although his most ingenious invention has already elicited approbation in the most practical form. The “ Hall ” Type-Writer appears to us to meet a decided want, and we anticipate for it a great demand. that the Municipal Council of Leipzig issued an edict, in 1539, prohibiting the three local printers from publishing any new work without the consent of the City fathers. One of the three printers mentioned by name is Valentin Schu¬ mann. The device annexed is taken from ‘‘Theodori Gazae Liber quartus et ^ ultimus de constructione R. Croco Britanno interprete,” 1516. 4to. Schu¬ mann's device consists of V. S., inter¬ twined on the stem of a trefoil, under an arch formed by the trunks of two trees, with the letters L. P, These letters probably stood for Lifisiensis Demander or “ Damander ” (a rude Grecisation of “ Schuman” which he sometimes used). Falkenstein and Lorck both state that Schumann printed at Leipzig from 1515 to I535> hut Berjeau says 1502-1534, Schumann may also be considered as a literary workman, since he compiled two volumes of a “ Nachtbiichlein," or col¬ lection of facetious stories, which were printed and published at Niirnberg, the author describing himself on the title-page asa“ Schriftgiesser,” or type-founder. Schwabe (Carl Leberecht), Die Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst und ihre Folgen. Eine Vorbereitungsschrift zur iv, Sacularfeier, Leipzig: 1840. 8vo. pp. 119. Schwartz (J. C. E.). Predigt zum Gedachtniss der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst, am ersten Sonntage nach Trinitatis in der Stadtkirche zu Jena gehalten. Jena: 1840. 8vo. pp. 23. Schwarz (Christian Gottlieb). Index quorumdam librorum im- pressorum ssec. xv. Norimbergte : 1727. 4to. - — Opuscula Academica : De origine Typographiae, Dissertationes iii., &c. Norimbergae : 1793. 4to. Pars prima, pp. 36 ; pars altera, pp. 56; pars tertia, pp. 68; with plate of watermarks. - Primaria quaedam docvmenta de origine Typographiae. Quorvm illustratorvm partem tertiam moderante Christiano Gotlib. Schvvarzio Com. Pal. Caes. et Prof. Pvbl. a.d. 1740 dispvtandi cavssa proponit Gustavvs Philippvs Negelein Norim- bergensis Altorfii. [1740.] 4to. Part i., title and pp. 63 ; part ii., title and pp. 56 ; part iii., title and pp. 68. Schwarz (J. L. ). Der Buchdrucker. Hamburg : 1775. 2 vols. 8vo. Schwegman (Hendrik). Berigt, wegens de uitvinding om een tekening op een koperplaat overtebrengen, aan den ceconomischen Tak van de Hollandsche Maatschappye der Wetenscliappen te Haarlem. Haarlem : [1793]. 8vo. pp. 8. of (prinftng. Schultz & Co. Ein 5qjahriges Buchdrucker-Jubilaum bei R. Schultz & Comp, in Strassburg (Berger-Levrault’s Nachfolgen). Strass- burg: 1878. 4to. pp. 32. - See Berger-Levrault ; Levrault. Schulze (Christian Ferdinand). Wechselwirkung zwischen der Buchdruckerkunst und der Fortbildung der Menschheit. Eine Rede am Jubelfeste der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst, den 24. Juni 1840, gehalten im Gymnasium zu Gotha. Gotha. 8vo. Schulze (Johann George). Programma de officina typografica, Con- stantinopoli instituta. Niirnberg: 1728. 4to. Schumacher (A.). Das Gutenbergs-Fest in Mainz. Lustspiel in zwei Aufziigen. Mannheim: 1837. 8vo. Frontispiece-portrait. Schumann (Carl). Schrift-Proben der Buchdruckerei. [Schnee- berg] : 1828. 4to. 32 leaves, printed on one side only. DAMANDER, LEIPZIG: 1502-1534 [?]. Schumann (Valentin). — Verhandeling over het graveeren in de manier van gewassen tekeningen of acquatinta ; op twee verschillende wijzen. Haarlem : 1806. 8vo. pp. 16. Schwetschke (Carl Gustav). Codex nundinarius Germanise literatm bisecularis. Mess-Jahrbiicher des Deutschen Buchhandels von dem Erscheinen des ersten Mess-Kataloges im Jahre 1564 bis zu der Griindung des ersten Buchhandler-Vereins im Jahre 1765. Mit einer Einleitung von Gustav Schwetschke. Halle : 1850. Folio, pp. xxxvi. 244, and three leaves of facsimiles. Includes a list of publishers, printers, and booksellers. A new edition was published in 1877. - De Donati minoris fragmento Halis nuper reperto excursus. Halis : 1839. 4to. pp. 14. - Vorakademische Buchdruckergeschichte der Stadt Halle. Eine Festschrift mit einem Anhange : — I. Ehrenrettung des Sachsischen Merseburg, als des Druckorts Marsipolis und Merseborg, von 1473, u»d mithin als der altesten norddeutschen Druckstatte. II. Supplementarisches zu Hain, Ebert, Schaab und Wetter und 2 Tafeln Abbildungen. Halle: 1840. 4to. pp. viii. 126. Panzer says that Valentin Schumann printed at Leipzig between the years 1502 and 1534. Faulmann, in his “ Illustrated History of Printing,” mentions, however, Dr. Schwetschke was the head of the Printing-firm of Gebauer-Schwetschke, which establishment was originally founded in Halle-on-the-Saale, on the 14th October, 1733, by Herr Gebauer, whose name it then bore, the title Feb. T5, 1883.] THE PRINTING TIMES AND LITHOGRAPHER. 37 being subsequently altered to Gebauer- Schwetschke. The firm celebrated its hundredth anniversary in 1833. Carl Gustav Schwetschke, Dr.Ph., was born on April 5, 1804, studied at the Universities of Halle and Heidelberg, and succeeded his father in the business on the 5th of June, 1825. On the occasion of the celebration of his fiftieth anniver¬ sary in 1875, he received a telegram Trom Prince Bismark, congratulating him on the event, and a deputation of master See Eckstein (F.A.) printers of Halle presented him with a congratulatory address, expressive of the high esteem in which he was held by them. The address bore the signatures of the eight principal local master printers. Dr. Schwetschke has gained some reputation as an author by his German and Latin verses. Amongst others, he has rhythmically translated into German five cantos from Spenser’s “ Faery Queen,” together with numerous selections from Pope, Gray, and Beattie. Sculptura Historico-Technica ; or the History and Art of Ingraving (sic). Extracted from Baldinucci, Florent le Comte, Faithorne, the “Abecedario Pittorico,” and other Authors. London : 1747. i2mo. - The fourth edition, published in 1770, has the follow¬ ing addition to the title-page : — To which is now added a chrono¬ logical and historical series of the Painters from the eleventh century. London : 1770. 121110. With plates, pp. xii. 264. The “Sculptura Historico-Technica” is a revised and enlarged edition of the “ Sculptura; or, The History and Art of Chalcography,” cited s. v. Evelyn (J.), q% Scolar (John). Scolar is regarded as the second of the Oxford printers, being the successor of Theodore Rood. Scolar seems to have printed but a very limited number of books, all of which are now of extreme scarcity. The only perfect copy of the book from which the annexed device was taken is to be found in the public library, Cambridge. It is entitled “Questiones moralissime super libros Ethicorum,” &c. Oxford: 1518. Panzer does not even mention the name of Scolar. He used in several of his publications the King’s and the University’s arms ( see Oxford, Printing at). The device reproduced con¬ sists of a book, open, with seven seals, inscribed “ Veritas liberavit, Bonitas reg- navit,” two coronets being placed above and two below. The shield is supported by two angels. — Cf. Arms of the Univer¬ sity of Oxford, s. v. Oxford. Scolari (Filippo). Di alcune Singolarita Tipografiche del Sec. XV. esist in Treviso. Treviso : 1859. 8vo. Scotland. Printing and Publishing in Scotland : a series of Re¬ ports, published in the Scotsman (Edinburgh) : 1869. — Vide also Dickson, in Supplement. Scott (A. Th.). Lettre a Mons. Plassan, ancien imprimeur, sur les interets materials de la typographic, a l’occasion du memoire qu’il a presente au Ministere de l’Interieur, Paris: 1839. 4to. ij sheets. - — Deuxieme lettre a Mons. Plassan, ancien imprimeur, sur les interets artistiques de la typographic, par rapport a ses interets industriels. Paris : 1839. 4to. 2 sheets. Scott (Sir Walter). The History of the Ballantyne Press, and its connexion with Sir Walter Scott, Bart. Edinburgh: 1871. 4to. 13 leaves. . A noble tribute _ to the great poet, of printing in black and gold. Altogether, issued on the occasion of his centenary, though small in extent, this may truly be Every page is enriched with designs by called a livre de luxe. The text is not Thos. Sulman, beautifully engraved on worthy of its surroundings, the part wood by G. & A. Young, representing played by the Ballantyne Press in ruining well - known scenes in the Waverley the poet being judiciously ignored. Novels. The title-page is a fine specimen Scott (William Bell). Albert Diirer, his Life and Works. London : 1869. 8vo. pp. xvi. 324. Several engravings. Scriverius (Petrus). — See Schrijver (Pieter). HAGENAU : 1523-1535. Secer (Johan). In the 15th and 16th centuries a re¬ markably large number of books issued from presses in the small town of Hage- nau (also called Haguenau and Hage- naw), not far from Strasbourg. No doubt, the rivalry of trade in the capital in¬ duced many printers to settle in the little town. Henry Gran was the first established there, in 1489, and he pub¬ lished many books, down to 1527. Secer Lauchen, in 1519, was only an author, and not a printer, since the first book bearing his name, a collection of tracts, is said to be printed by A. Badensis. From the statement, however, “Johannes Secerius Lauchen, excudit formulis Anshelmi Badensis,” it is surmised that Secer com¬ posed the book himself with the types of Anshelmus. Johan Secer commenced actively printing on his own account only in 1523. The book, from which the annexed device of the Janus head, in a cartouch, is taken is “Liber His- toriarum partium orientis: ” 1529. 4to. Seelen (Johann Heinrich von). Ecloga de libro longe rarissimo, ad ipsa typographic incunabula pertinente : Speculum Humane Salvationis. [In “Nova Bibliotheca Lubecensis,” vol. i., pp. 69-90.] Lubece : 1753. 8vo. - Nachricht von dem Ursprung und Fortgang der Buchdruk' kerey in der Kays. Freyen und des H. Rom. Reichs Stadt Liibeck) worinn die LiiSeckischen Buchdrucker und allerley von Ihnen gedruckte merckwiirdige Bucher und Schrifften angefuhret und beschrieben werden. Bey Gelegenheit des in diesem 1740 sten Jahre einfallenden Buchdrucker-Jubilaei ertheilet, und mit verschiedenen zur Gelehrten Histone gehorigen Anmerckungen. Liibeck : 1740. 8vo.